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【正文】 ndividual sample data using the standard deviation [root mean square equation].”s”). 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 Cpk - 穩(wěn)定過(guò)程的能力指數(shù) 。 σ的估計(jì)值是依據(jù)子組內(nèi)的變差確 定的 (R/d2 或 S/C4)。 Ppk - 性能指數(shù) 。 根據(jù)總變差估計(jì) σ值 (所 有單個(gè)樣本數(shù)據(jù)使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏 差 [均方根等式 ], “s”)。 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS Shortterm studies. The purpose of the initial process study is to understand the process variation, not just to achieve a specific index value. When historical data is available or enough initial data exist to plot a control chart (at least 100 individual samples) Cpk can be calculated when the process is stable. For chronically unstable processes with output meeting specifications and a predictable pattern, Ppk should be used. When not enough data is available (<100 samples) contact the customer responsible part approval activity to develop a suitable plan. 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 短期研究 。 初始過(guò)程研究的目的是了解過(guò)程變差 , 而不是達(dá)到一個(gè)規(guī)定的指數(shù)值 。 當(dāng)可能得到歷史的數(shù)據(jù)或有足夠的初始數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)繪制控制圖時(shí) (至少 100 個(gè)個(gè)體樣本 ), 可以在過(guò)程穩(wěn)定時(shí)計(jì)算 Cpk。 對(duì)於輸出滿足規(guī)範(fàn)要求且呈可預(yù)測(cè)的波形的長(zhǎng)期不穩(wěn)定過(guò)程 , 應(yīng)使用 Ppk。 當(dāng)不能得到足夠的數(shù)據(jù)時(shí) (小於 100 個(gè)樣本 ), 應(yīng)與顧客負(fù)責(zé)零件批準(zhǔn)的部門取得聯(lián)系 , 以制定出一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)挠?jì)劃 。 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS Refer to the Statistical Process Control reference manual for information on evaluating stability and a detailed description of Ppk and Cpk. NOTE2: For bulk material, the supplier should obtain customer agreement regarding the appropriate techniques for initial process studies, if required, in order to determine an effective estimate of capability. 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 關(guān)於過(guò)程穩(wěn)定性的評(píng)價(jià)以及對(duì) Ppk 和 Cpk 的解釋 , 可參見(jiàn) 統(tǒng)計(jì)過(guò)程控制 參考手冊(cè) 。 注 2: 對(duì)於散裝材料 , 如果要求 , 供方應(yīng)就有關(guān)初始過(guò)程研究所採(cǎi)用 的適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)得到顧客的同意 , 以便有效地確定對(duì)過(guò)程能力的 估計(jì) 。 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 Acceptance Criteria For Initial Study The supplier shall use the following as acceptance criteria for evaluating initial process study results for processes that appear stable: NOTE: Cpk can only be used for stable processes. The process does not currently meet the acceptance criteria. Contact the appropriate customer representative for a review of the study results. Index Value< is currently acceptable, but may require some improvement. Contact your customer and review results of the study. This will require changes to the Control Plan, if not improved prior to start of volume production. ≧ (Index Value) currently meets customer requirements. After approval, begin production and follow control plan. > 67 Interpretation Results PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 初始研究的接受準(zhǔn)則 對(duì)於穩(wěn)定過(guò)程 , 供方在評(píng)價(jià)初始過(guò)程研究結(jié)果時(shí) , 必須採(cǎi)用以下的接受準(zhǔn)則: 注: Cpk 只能用於穩(wěn)定過(guò)程 。 該過(guò)程目前不能滿足接受準(zhǔn)則 。 與適當(dāng)?shù)念櫩痛砣〉寐?lián)系 , 對(duì)研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行評(píng)審 。 指數(shù)< 該過(guò)程目前可被接受 , 但是可能會(huì)要求進(jìn)行一些改進(jìn) 。 與你的顧客取得聯(lián)系 , 並評(píng)審研究結(jié)果 。 如果在批量生產(chǎn)開(kāi)始之前仍沒(méi)有改進(jìn) , 將要求對(duì)控制計(jì)劃進(jìn)行更改 。 ≦ 指數(shù) ≦ 該過(guò)程目前能滿足顧客要求 。 批準(zhǔn)後即可開(kāi)始生產(chǎn) , 並按照控制計(jì)劃進(jìn)行 。 指數(shù)> .67 說(shuō)明 結(jié)果 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS Unstable Processes Depending on the nature of the instability, an unstable process may not meet customer requirements. The supplier shall identify, evaluate and, wherever possible, eliminate special causes of variation prior to PPAP submission. The supplier shall notify the customer of any unstable processes that exist and shall submit a corrective action plan to the customer prior to any submission. NOTE: For bulk materials, if historical data shows that similar processes are chronically unstable, and previous actions have been unable to achieve stability, corrective action plans may not be warranted. 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 非穩(wěn)定過(guò)程 根據(jù)不穩(wěn)定的性質(zhì) , 一個(gè)非穩(wěn)定過(guò)程可能不滿足顧客的要求 。 供方在提交 PPAP 之前 , 必須識(shí)別 、 評(píng)價(jià)和在可能的情況下消除變差的特殊原因 。 供方必須將存在的任何不穩(wěn)定過(guò)程通報(bào)顧客 , 且 在任何提交之前 , 必須向顧客提出糾正措施計(jì)劃 。 注 : 對(duì)於散裝材料 , 如果過(guò)去的數(shù)據(jù)表明類似的過(guò)程長(zhǎng)期不穩(wěn)定 ,且以前實(shí)施的措施沒(méi)能使其達(dá)到穩(wěn)定 , 則可以不必保証糾正措 施計(jì)劃 。 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS Processes With OneSided Specifications or NonNormal Distributions The supplier shall determine with the customer an alternative acceptance criteria for processes with onesided specifications or nonnormal distributions. 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 單側(cè)規(guī)範(fàn)或非正態(tài)分佈的過(guò)程 對(duì)於單側(cè)規(guī)範(fàn)或非正態(tài)分佈的過(guò)程 , 供方必須與顧客一起確定替代的接受準(zhǔn)則 。 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS NOTE1: The above mentioned acceptance criteria () assumes normality and a twosided specification (target in the center). When this is not true, using this analysis may result in unreliable information. This alternate acceptance criteria could require a different type of index or some method of transformation of the data. The focus should be on understanding the reasons for the nonnormality (. is it stable over time?) and managing variation. NOTE2: For bulk materials, nonnormal distributions are generally found after routine plotting of histograms of process data. Quality indices should not be puted because the values obtained may be misleading. 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP 的過(guò)程要求 注 1: 前邊提到的接受準(zhǔn)則 () 是基於正態(tài)分佈和雙側(cè)規(guī)範(fàn) (目標(biāo)位於中心 )的假設(shè) 。 如果該假設(shè)不成立 , 使用這種分析可 能會(huì)導(dǎo)致不可靠的信息 。 這裏提到的替代性接受準(zhǔn)則可能要求 一種不同類型指數(shù)或某種數(shù)學(xué)變換的方法 。 重點(diǎn)是應(yīng)了解非正 態(tài)分佈的原因 (如:過(guò)程經(jīng)過(guò)一定時(shí)間後是否穩(wěn)定 ?) 和如何處 理變差 。 注 2: 對(duì)於散裝材料 , 在繪制常規(guī)的過(guò)程數(shù)據(jù)直方圖之後 , 通??梢园l(fā)展呈非正態(tài)分佈 。 由於所獲得的值可能引起誤導(dǎo) , 所以不應(yīng) 計(jì)算質(zhì)量指數(shù) 。 確利達(dá)顧問(wèn)有限公司 PPAP PROCESS REQUIREMENTS Strategy When Acceptance Criteria Are Not Satisfied The supplier shall contact the customer if the process cannot be improved. If acceptance criteria cannot be attained by the PPAP submission promise date, t
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