【正文】 of the city 每組中壓電纜為城區(qū)某一區(qū)域供電 NATION CORIOLIS Paris MV structure 巴黎中壓電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu) 50 Typical Paris HV/MV substation (2 x 70MVA) 巴黎典型高 /中壓變電站 (2 x 70兆伏安 ) 51 Always 4 clusters between 2 substations 2個變電站之間總是有 4組電纜 Cluster 2電纜組 Cluster 1 電纜組 Cluster 3電纜組 Cluster 4電纜組 變電站 變電站52 A B C D E F G A B C D E F G Zoom on a MV cluster 一組中壓電纜詳圖 A cluster is formed with 6 distribution feeders A, B, C, D, E, F and a spare 171。 G 187。 feeder “G” feeders are often used to connect heavy loads 一組電纜由 6根饋線組成 ， A,B,C,D,E,F和 G 饋線 G通常連接大負荷 53 Remote controlled switches 遠程遙控開關(guān) A B C D E F G OCRS OCRS OCRS OCRS OCR OCR A B C D E F G ~ remote controlled switches in Paris 巴黎電網(wǎng)安裝了 2023個遠程遙控開關(guān) The remote controlled switches (OCR) allow to quickly isolate a faulty portion of a feeder 遠程遙控開關(guān)可以快速隔離饋線的故障區(qū)域 。 54 Dealing with first and second HV contingency 高壓事故應(yīng)急處理 55 N2事故狀態(tài) 正常運行狀態(tài) N1事故狀態(tài) A work of galleries under Paris 巴黎地下電纜通道 100 km of galleries 100公里的電纜通道 Cables are normally buried directly in the ground, under the pavement 電纜一般采用直接地埋的方式。 56 A B C D E F G Area substation 225/20 kV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LV customers MV cust. MV mercial or industrial customer LV radial work MV/LV substation Area substation 225/20 kV LV radial work Connection of loads to MV clusters 接入中壓電纜組負荷 57 225kV/20kV變電站 225kV/20kV變電站 中 /低壓變電站 Typical MV / LV substation 典型的中 /低壓變電站 MV switchboard 中壓開關(guān)控制面板 LV switchboard 低壓開關(guān)控制面板 Transformer 變壓器 cluster cables 電纜組 ~5,000 MV / LV distribution substations 5000座中 /低壓配電變電站 Located in buildings or under the pavement 位于地上或地下的變電站 ~2,000 MV / LV customer substations 2023座中壓 /低壓用戶變電站 58 The LV work 低壓電網(wǎng) 59 低壓接線箱 中 /低壓變電站 低壓饋線 低壓接線箱 Diagnosis of the MV Paris work 巴黎低壓電網(wǎng)分析 60 Historically, the Paris work has shown its ability to deliver a high level of quality 從歷史數(shù)據(jù)來看，巴黎電網(wǎng)有能力為城市提供高質(zhì)量供電 Quality of supply in Paris is quite high, when pared to other large cities in the world or to the rest of France 與法國其他城市或世界上其他大城市相比 ， 巴黎城市供電質(zhì)量很高 But two major issues have turned up 但是有 2個主要的問題 SAIDI has been increasing over the last few years 在過去幾年內(nèi)，用戶平均每年斷電時間在增加 This can be seen as a progressive loss of reliability… mainly due to climatic hazards 該現(xiàn)象被認為是供電質(zhì)量逐步下降的信號 ， 但其主要原因是無法預(yù)知的 惡劣天氣造成的 Heat waves, storms 酷暑 、 暴風雨 Paris is also exposed to a risk of flooding 巴黎城區(qū)也有洪災(zāi)的風險 Diagnosis of the MV Paris work巴黎低壓電網(wǎng)分析 61 A significant part of the Paris work was built in the 60’s and 70’s 巴黎城區(qū)大部分電網(wǎng)是在上個世紀6070年代建成 Older cables and joints have reached the age where their reliability decreases 老舊電纜及接頭已到使用年限 ， 該原因造成供電可靠性有所下降 ERDF mainly used two types of cables over the time 一直以來法國配電公司主要使用 2種類型電纜 1980 : paper insulated cables 1980年以前 : 油浸式電纜 ~ km in Paris 在巴黎有 3000公里 1980 : synthetic isolated cables 1980年以后 : 鉸鏈式電纜 ~ km in Paris 在巴黎有 2023公里 Transition joints between the two technologies are very sensitive to heat waves 兩種電纜的接頭對高 溫十分敏感 ~ joints of this kind in Paris 在巴黎有 A large number of simultaneous failures can result in a crisis 大量的同時故障會造成停電危機 Simultaneous faults on 2 cables of a cluster cause major interruptions 一組電纜中的 2根電線同時出現(xiàn)接頭故障是導致大面積停電 。 2023, 2023, 2023…2023年 , 2023年 , 2023年 … Length of MV cables vs. year Diagnosis of the MV Paris work 巴黎低壓電網(wǎng)分析 Paris work is more and more constrained 巴黎電網(wǎng)越來越不夠用 Load growth is low in average ( 1%) but some areas are developing rapidly on the outskirts of Paris 平均負荷增長率低 (小于 1%)， 但是巴黎城區(qū)某些周邊地區(qū)負荷增長快 Building new primary substations or extending existing substations is quite a difficult task 新建或擴建源變電站很難實現(xiàn) The capacity available in some primary substations must be used first 將優(yōu)先考慮使用一些源變電站的富余容量 ERDF has understood and tackled these two issues 法國配電公司很清楚這兩種情況 ， 并在著手處理這些問題 。 62 The key points of the new design 新設(shè)計的要點 Improvement of the upstream work 改善上游電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu) Installation of gas insulated 225 kV circuit breakers in existing primary substations 在現(xiàn)有的源變電站內(nèi)裝設(shè) 225千伏氣體絕緣斷路器 Two new 225 kV feeders 兩條新的 225千伏饋線 Reinforcement of installed transformation capacity (225 / 20 kV) 現(xiàn)有變電站 (225千伏 /20千伏 )增容 Evolution of the existing structure 現(xiàn)有電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的演變 Moving from the 171。 3 layer 187。 structure to a more interconnected structure 從 171。 3 環(huán) 187。結(jié)構(gòu)到互聯(lián)更緊密的結(jié)構(gòu) Links between primary substations = sets 3 c226。bles (so called 171。 spindles 187。) 源變電站之間由 3條電纜連接 Improvement of reactivity 改善互動性 Multiplication of MV / LV substations connected as in an open loop structure to split up the feeders in several sections 增加中 /低壓變電站之間的連接 ， 如在同開環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)中將饋線分割成若干段 。 63 Thank you for your attention… 謝謝 ！ 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！