【導(dǎo)讀】單相數(shù)字電度表設(shè)計(jì)。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展用電量日益增加為電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行帶來了諸多不良因。素國家采取多費(fèi)率用電政策以消峰填谷平衡用電復(fù)費(fèi)率電度表已經(jīng)大規(guī)模取代。表的生產(chǎn)已成規(guī)模但是價(jià)格低廉運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定可靠性高抗干擾能力強(qiáng)的數(shù)字電度表。本設(shè)計(jì)是基于單片機(jī)STC89C52RC的單相電度表設(shè)計(jì)能實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭用電計(jì)費(fèi)并。能完成分時(shí)計(jì)費(fèi)功能本設(shè)計(jì)還有數(shù)字鐘的功能能夠顯示時(shí)間還配有三個(gè)按鍵能。夠?qū)r(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整硬件外圍電路采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)其中電壓電流采樣模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)了。將電網(wǎng)中的不可直接測量的大電壓大電流轉(zhuǎn)變成為可以用來處理測量的小電壓。小電流把采集的數(shù)據(jù)通過ADC0832把數(shù)據(jù)送給單片機(jī)電源模塊為整個(gè)智能電表。動(dòng)前的動(dòng)態(tài)自檢程序計(jì)量電量的電能脈沖采集程序數(shù)據(jù)信息處理和交換的數(shù)據(jù)。存儲(chǔ)程序通訊中斷子程序在單片機(jī)的核心控制下實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字電度表電能分時(shí)段。第1章電度表的分類及本設(shè)計(jì)方案選定3. §非正弦波形的電壓電流不同功率因數(shù)下的功率的測量9. §電源端的干擾防護(hù)23. §5V直流電源的實(shí)現(xiàn)24

　　

【正文】 調(diào)試 由于本次設(shè)計(jì)的軟件分為許多塊所以軟件調(diào)試也是每一塊單獨(dú)調(diào)試后再整體調(diào)試從而是錯(cuò)誤一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)再解決這樣是程序調(diào)試變得簡單 本程序沒有一次調(diào)試成功出現(xiàn)了許許多多錯(cuò)誤總結(jié)如下 1 中斷錯(cuò)誤本程序 用了兩個(gè)中斷但剛開始調(diào)試程序時(shí)把兩個(gè)中斷寫成interrupt 0 和 interrupt 1 這樣就會(huì)使一個(gè)定時(shí)器中斷不能工作應(yīng)該為interrupt 1 和 interrupt 3 2 中斷初始化錯(cuò)誤在起初初始化中斷時(shí)我把 TMOD 設(shè)了兩次分別問 0x01 和0x10 這樣的話只能使定時(shí)器 1 工作應(yīng)該為 0x11 才行 3 AD 程序錯(cuò)誤 ADC0832 從第 4 個(gè)脈沖下沉開始由 DO 端輸出轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)最高位DATA7隨后每一個(gè)脈沖下沉 DO端輸出下一位數(shù)據(jù)直到第 11個(gè)脈沖時(shí)發(fā)出最低位數(shù)據(jù) DATA0[17]一個(gè)字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)輸出完成也正是從此 位開始輸出下一個(gè)相反字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)即從第 11個(gè)字節(jié)的下沉輸出 DATD0而本程序在到 11個(gè)脈沖時(shí)接收的是最低數(shù)據(jù)剛好相反使數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算錯(cuò)誤 4 有用功算法錯(cuò)誤這塊程序是最難的部分最開始的時(shí)候我沒有把有用功的余數(shù)單獨(dú)提取出來這樣少算了很多度數(shù) 結(jié) 論 本設(shè)計(jì)是基于 STC89C52RC 的單相數(shù)字電度表的設(shè)計(jì)本電度表能夠?qū)彝ビ秒娺M(jìn)行計(jì)費(fèi)也解決了錯(cuò)峰分段計(jì)費(fèi)問題以及體現(xiàn)出節(jié)約用電的思想本電度表首先通過電流和電壓數(shù)據(jù)采集電路把電流和電壓數(shù)據(jù)送到雙通道 ADC0832 進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換然后通過編寫的電能算法程序在單片機(jī)內(nèi)部進(jìn)行電能計(jì) 算最后再把計(jì)算的數(shù)據(jù)顯示在 LCD1602 上為了解決錯(cuò)峰分段計(jì)費(fèi)問題本設(shè)計(jì)還編寫電子鐘程序這就使電度表能在相應(yīng)的時(shí)間進(jìn)行相應(yīng)計(jì)費(fèi)本設(shè)計(jì)還連接了三個(gè)按鍵便于對(duì)電度表的調(diào)時(shí) 通過本設(shè)計(jì)使我學(xué)會(huì)了 ADC0832和 LCD1602的使用并對(duì)電流和電壓的數(shù)據(jù)采集電路有了一定的了解對(duì) C 語言有了更進(jìn)一步的了解但由于資金的限制本設(shè)計(jì)還有很多不足比如本設(shè)計(jì)沒有使用專業(yè)的電流和電壓數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊也沒有用內(nèi)部集成電能算法的 AD 芯片這就使本設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)精度受到了影響這些問題還需要再以后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作中得到完善和解決 本設(shè)計(jì)的研究雖然取得了 初步的成功但是對(duì)于整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的完善以及投入實(shí)際的應(yīng)用還有很多工作要做對(duì)于今后在本課題基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究和開發(fā)可以歸納為以下幾點(diǎn) 1 完善硬件功能對(duì)于硬件的信號(hào)調(diào)理電路以及功能擴(kuò)展電路進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與完善 2 完成其他功能模塊的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序設(shè)計(jì) 3 提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性和抗干擾能力設(shè)計(jì) 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 唐介．電工學(xué)． 2 版．北京高等教育出版社 2020 年． 2530 [2] 李建斌張順．全電子式預(yù)付費(fèi)磁卡電度表的應(yīng)用及其效益分析 [J]．科技情報(bào)開發(fā)與經(jīng)濟(jì) 202020 5 189190 [3] 羅恂丁慶生．基于 RFID 的 預(yù)付費(fèi)電度表的研制 [J]．單片機(jī)與嵌入式系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用 2020 9 7173 [4] 吳安嵐．電能計(jì)量基礎(chǔ)及新技術(shù)．北京中國水利水電出版社 2020 [5] 洪志良王曉悅李天望．過采樣∑一△ AD 轉(zhuǎn)換器．微電子學(xué) 199828 8 265271 [6] 程佩青．?dāng)?shù)字信號(hào)處理教程．北京清華大學(xué)出版社 2020 [7] 夏繼強(qiáng)．單片機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)與實(shí)踐教程．北京京航空航天大學(xué)出版社 2020年． 2528 [8] 余錫存．單片機(jī)原理及接口技術(shù)．西安西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社 2020年 3545 [9] 南建輝． MCS51 單片機(jī)原理 及應(yīng)用實(shí)例．北京清華大學(xué)出版社 2020 年3045 [10] 孫安青． AT89S51 單片機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)及實(shí)踐教程． 51 大蝦網(wǎng)． 2020 年． [11] 晏劍輝．基于 AT89C51 單片機(jī)的智能儀表設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)．瀘州瀘州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院出版社 2020 年． 3539 [12] 杜洋． AD 轉(zhuǎn)換芯片 ADC0832 的應(yīng)用．中國知網(wǎng)． 2020 年． [13] 李常波．電子電度表電源設(shè)計(jì)．電源技術(shù)應(yīng)用 2020 3 1518 [14] 徐瑋． 1602 字符型液晶顯示篇．中國知網(wǎng) 2020 年． [15] 譚浩強(qiáng)． C 程序設(shè)計(jì)． 3 版．北京清華大學(xué)出 版社 2020 年 2028 [16] Li XinfuLiu Jiaomin and Cui Yulong． A wavelet approach for rms and harmonics measurements． IEEE Proc Robotic Intelligent Systems Signal Processing20202 10 12301234 [17]VentoJApplication of Labview in Higher Education LaboratoresFrontiers in Education Conference1988Proceedings 2225 Oct1988 Page s 444– 447 致 謝 彈指一揮間四年充實(shí)的大學(xué)生活即將畫上句號(hào)在此我要深深感謝所有曾給予我關(guān)心和支持的老師和同學(xué)們 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是大學(xué)生活最重要的一部分在做畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的這段日子里大家共同研究討論攻克難關(guān)同時(shí)又參閱了大量國內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者的著作使我了解更多的知識(shí)學(xué)到了很多東西 當(dāng)然限于學(xué)生的水平設(shè)計(jì)中難免有不足和疏漏之處歡迎老師們批評(píng)指正 最后衷心感謝尊敬的老師們在百忙中抽出時(shí)間評(píng)審我的論文 附 錄 1 單相數(shù)字電度表硬件原理圖 附 錄 2 單相數(shù)字電度表 PCB 制板圖 附 錄 3 PCB3D 視圖 外文資料翻譯 Description The single slice machine is also called tiny controller is because it was used in the industry to control realm at the earliest stage Single slice machine from inside chip have CPU appropriation processor to develop only since then At the earliest stage of design the principle is to pass to integrate a great deal of peripherals and CPU in a chip making calculator system smaller integrating more easily into plicated of but to mention to request a strict control equipments in the middle The INTEL Z80 is the processor which designed according to this kind of thought at the earliest stage from now on single slice the development of the machine and appropriation processor went by different roads then The single slice of the earlier period all of machines are 8 or 4Among them the INTEL is most successful of 8031 because of in brief dependable but the function was quite good to acquire very big good opinion Henceforth at 8031 up developed MCS51 series a single slice machine system According to the single slice of this system machine system is still in the extensive usage till now Because the industry controls the exaltation of[with] realm request starting appearing 16 single slice machine but because sex price wanted to dont get a very extensive application than the disregard Develop greatly along with the consumption electronics product after 90s the single slice machine technique got a huge exaltation Along with the extensive application of INTEL i 960 series especially later ARM series the 32 single slice machine replaces 16 single slice the high level position of the machine quickly and gets into an essential market And traditional of 8 single slice the function of the machine also got to fly to raise soon handling an ability to pare with to raise few a hundredfold in 80sCurrently 32 single slice of the high level with main machine already over 300 MHzs the function keeps appropriation processor of making track for the mid 90s and the mon model number factory price drop into to USD 1 tallest carry of model number also only USD 10The contemporary and single slice machine system has already no longer developed and used just under the naked machine environment the in great quantities appropriative builtin operate system is applied extensively in the whole serieseses of the single slice is on board But be the high level of handheld PC and cellular phone core processing single slice the machine even can use appropriative Windows and the Linux operate system directly Single slice the machine ratio appropriation processor is the most suitable to match to apply in the builtin system so it got the most applications In fact the single slice machine is an amount the most calculators are in the world The modern mankind are living medium use of assemble in almost each electronics and machine product have a single slice machine All have 12 single slice machine in the puter accessories such as cellular phone telephone calculator home appliances electronics toy handheld PC and mouse etc And personal puter in would also capable number not a few single slice the machine be working Provide with more than 40 departments a single slice machine generally on the car plicated industrys controlling the top of the system even may has single several hundred pedestals slices machine to work in the meantime Single slice t