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網絡計劃技術講義-資料下載頁

2025-02-08 14:32本頁面
  

【正文】 theconstraintthatprojectdurationmustbelessthanorequaltothetimedesiredbytheprojectmanager.n Thedecisionstobemadearethefollowing:1. Thestarttimeofeach2. Thereductioninthedurationofeachactivitydueto活動工期的減少量3. Thefinishtimeoftheproject(mustnotexceed40weeks).n Theconstraintsare:1. TimeReduction≤MaxReduction(foreachactivity).2. ProjectFinishTime≤DesiredFinishTime.3. ActivityStartTime≥ActivityFinishTimeofallpredecessors(foreachactivity).4. ProjectFinishTime≥FinishTimeofallimmediatepredecessorsoffinishnode.Spreadsheet ModelMr. Perty’s Conclusionsn Theplanforcrashingtheprojectonlyprovidesa50percentchanceofactuallyfinishingtheprojectwithin40weeks,sotheextracostoftheplan($140,000)isnotjustified.Therefore,Mr.Pertyrejectsanycrashingatthisstage.n Theextracostofthecrashingplancanbejustifiedifitalmostcertainlywouldearnthebonusof$150,000forfinishingtheprojectwithin40weeks.Therefore,Mr.PertywillholdtheplaninreservetobeimplementediftheprojectisrunningwellaheadofschedulebeforereachingactivityF.n Theextracostofpartorallofthecrashingplancanbeeasilyjustifiedifitlikelywouldmakethedifferenceinavoidingthepenaltyof$300,000fornotfinishingtheprojectwithin47weeks.Therefore,Mr.PertywillholdthecrashingplaninreservetobepartiallyorwhollyimplementediftheprojectisrunningfarbehindschedulebeforereachingactivityForactivityJ.Scheduling and Controlling Project Costsn PERT/Costisasystematicprocedure(normallyputerized)tohelptheprojectmanagerplan,schedule,andcontrolcosts.n Assumption:AmonassumptionwhenusingPERT/Costisthatthecostsofperforminganactivityareincurredataconstantratethroughoutitsduration.Budget for Reliable’s ProjectActivity EstimatedDuration(weeks)EstimatedCostCostperWeekofItsDurationA 2 $180,000 $90,000B 4 320,000 80,000C 10 620,000 62,000D 6 260,000 43,333E 4 410,000 102,500F 5 180,000 36,000G 7 900,000 128,571H 9 200,000 22,222I 7 210,000 30,000J 8 430,000 53,750K 4 160,000 40,000L 5 250,000 50,000M 2 100,000 50,000N 6 330,000 55,000PERT/Cost Spreadsheet (Earliest Start Times)PERT/Cost Spreadsheet (Earliest Start Times)PERT/Cost Spreadsheet (Latest Start Times)PERT/Cost Spreadsheet (Latest Start Times)Cumulative Project CostsPERT/Cost Report after Week 22Activity BudgetedCost PercentCompletedValueCompletedActualCosttoDateCostOverruntoDateA $180,000 100% $180,000 $200,000 $20,000B 320,000 100 320,000 330,000 10,000C 620,000 100 620,000 600,000 –20,000D 260,000 75 195,000 200,000 5,000E 410,000 100 410,000 400,000 –10,000F 180,000 25 45,000 60,000 15,000I 210,000 50 105,000 130,000 25,000Total $2,180,000 $1,875,000 $1,920,000 $45,000四、網絡優(yōu)化得到初始的計劃方案,但通常要對初始方案進行調整與完善。根據計劃目標,綜合考慮資源和降低成本等目標,進行網絡優(yōu)化,確定最優(yōu)的計劃方案。 資源優(yōu)化做法:1)優(yōu)先安排關鍵工序所需的資源。2)利用非關鍵工序的時差,錯開各工序的開始時間。 3)統(tǒng)籌兼顧工程進度的要求和現有資源的限制,多次綜合平衡。下面列舉一個拉平資源需要量最高峰的實例。在例 5中,若加工工人為 65人,并假定這些工人可完成這 5個工序任一個,下面來尋求一個時間 資源最優(yōu)方案。如表 1216所示: 表 1216工序 需要人數最早開始時間所需時間時差d 58 60 20 0f 22 70 18 47g 42 80 3 0h 39 100 15 20i 26 110 25 0 若上述工序都按最早開始時間安排,那么從第 60天至第 135天的 75天里,所需的機械加工工人人數如圖 1217所示。在圖的上半部中,工序代號后的數字是人數,線下面的數字是非關鍵工序時差長度。圖的下半部表示從第 60天至 135天內的 75天里,所需機械加工工人數,這樣的圖稱為資源負荷圖。58人 64人80人 81人42人26人65人60 80 100 120 1302 74 635 f(22人)18h(39人 )15 d(58人) i(26人) g(42人)3020 25圖 1217同時我們應優(yōu)先安排關鍵工序所需的工人,再利用非關鍵工序的時差,錯開各工序的開始時間,從而拉平工人需要量的高峰。經過調整,我們讓非關鍵工序 f從第 80天開始,工序 h從第 110天開始。找到了時間 資源優(yōu)化的方案,如圖 1218所示,在不增加工人的情況下保證了工程按期完成。2 4 6 753 f(22人) h(39人) d(58人) i(26人) g(42人)工人數65人60 80 100 120 13058人42人64人26人65人 圖 1218演講完畢,謝謝觀
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