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影響 farmers wasting their money. 浪費農民的錢 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) helps prevent the development of pests and diseases and reduces the need for pesticides. 有害生物綜合治理可以幫助阻止有害生物和病害的發(fā)展,降低對農藥的需求。 27 Growing attention for IPM 對 IPM越來越多的關注 Concerns about adverse effects of pesticides, notably on food safety, and growing recognition that agricultural intensification needs to be sustainable 因為對農藥負面影響的擔心,特別是在食品安全方面,以及逐漸認識到加強農業(yè)是一個需要持續(xù)發(fā)展的過程,導致了: Increased attention to IPM 對 IPM越來越多的關注 As reflected in: 反映在 International policies (FAO, World Bank, IFCS) 國際政策( FAO,世界銀行, IFCS) National policies (EU and many individual countries) 國家政策(歐盟和許多其他國家) Commercial operations – private sector (food industry and crop protection industry).商業(yè)運作-私人部門 (食品行業(yè)和植保行業(yè)) 28 The role of IPM in FAO Policy IPM在 FAO政策中的作用 Implementation of the Code of Conduct 行為守則的執(zhí)行 Revision of 2023 puts more emphasis on IPM 在 2023年 的修訂版中給與了 IPM重點關注 Mainstreaming principles of IPM in all work on plant production and 將 IPM作為主要的準則 IPM is now considered an integral part of pesticide risk reduction. IPM現在被認為是降低農藥風險不可或缺的一部分 29 General trends 總體方向 Concerns about food safety (pesticide residues): 有關食品安全方面的問題(農藥殘留) Review/tightening of MRLs (評價 /加強 MRLs) Strict enforcement of MRLs (嚴格執(zhí)行 MRLs) GAP (良好農業(yè)規(guī)范) Other health concerns:其他健康問題 Phasing out of highly toxic products 消減高毒產品 Cut off points for chronic health hazards 消除慢性健康風險 Implications for pesticide use in countries exporting agricultural produce在農產品出口國家使用農藥 蘊含的問題 30 General trends 總體方向 Characteristics of tomorrows products 將來產品的特性 selective, pestspecific (limited damage to beneficials) 有選擇性的,防治特定目標的 (限制對有益生物的危害) low acute human toxicity 對人類的急性毒性低 no long term health effects 沒有長期的健康影響 degrade into innocuous ponents 降解成無毒的成分 31 Tomorrow’s products .... Are these more expensive? 未來的產品會更貴嗎? Relative costs Direct Indirect 相關的費用 直接的 間接的 Old products 老產品 Low低 High低 New products新產品 High高 Low高 Indirect costs include:間接的費用包括 cost for PPE:個人防護裝備的費用 health costs 健康費用 costs associated with water contamination 和水污染有關的費用 32 Tomorrow’s products .... Are these more expensive? 未來的產品會更貴嗎? So, newer, less hazardous products Tend to be more expensive for the user Tend to involve less costs for the public Regulation serves to minimize public cost 于是,新的、毒性更低的產品 趨向于對使用者來說更貴 而對公眾來說,涉及的費用會更低 管理的目的就是降低公眾的費用 33 Thank You 謝 謝 34 謝謝觀看 /歡迎下載 BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES. BY FAITH I BY FAITH