【正文】 0, 120 Produce Don’ t produce ? Airbus will produce ? Boeing will not produce 89 Diaper Wars ? Even though there are only two major firms, petition is intense. ? The petition occurs mostly in the form of costreducing innovation. 90 Competing Through R D PG RD No RD RD No RD KimberlyClark 40, 20 80, 20 60, 40 20, 60 91 Competing Through R D PG RD No RD RD No RD KimberlyClark 40, 20 80, 20 60, 40 20, 60 ? Both spend on RD ? Question ? Why not cooperate 92 Bargaining Strategy ? Alternative outes are possible if firms or individuals can make promises that can be enforced. 93 Bargaining Strategy ? Consider: ? Two firms introducing one of two plementary goods. 94 Bargaining Strategy Firm 1 Produce A Produce B Produce A Produce B Firm 2 40, 5 50, 50 5, 45 60, 40 95 Bargaining Strategy Firm 1 Produce A Produce B Produce A Produce B Firm 2 40, 5 50, 50 5, 45 60, 40 ? With collusion: ? Produce A1B2 ? Without collusion: ? Produce A1B2 ? Nash equilibrium 96 Bargaining Strategy ? Suppose ? Each firm is also bargaining on the decision to join in a research consortium with a third firm. 97 Bargaining Strategy Firm 1 Work alone Enter consortium Work alone Enter consortium Firm 2 10, 10 10, 20 40, 40 20, 10 98 Bargaining Strategy Firm 1 Work alone Enter consortium Work alone Enter consortium Firm 2 10, 10 10, 20 40, 40 20, 10 ? Dominant strategy ? Both enter 99 Bargaining Strategy ? Linking the Bargain Problem ? Firm 1 announces it will join the consortium only if Firm 2 agrees to produce A and Firm 1 will produce B. ? Firm 1’ s profit increases from 50 to 60 100 Bargaining Strategy ? Strengthening Bargaining Power ? Credibility ? Reducing flexibility 101 Summary ? A game is cooperative if the players can municate and arrange binding contracts。 otherwise it is noncooperative. ? A Nash equilibrium is a set of strategies such that all players are doing their best, given the strategies of the other players. 102 Summary ? Some games have no Nash equilibrium in pure strategies, but have one or more equilibria in mixed strategies. ? Strategies that are not optimal for a oneshot game may be optimal for a repeated game. ? In a sequential game, the players move in turn. 103 Summary ? An empty threat is a threat that one would have no incentive to carry out. ? To deter entry, an incumbent firm must convince any potential petitor that entry will be unprofitable. ? Bargaining situations are examples of cooperative games. 104 靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。 , January 23, 2023 雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。 19:44:0719:44:0719:441/23/2023 7:44:07 PM 1以我獨沈久，愧君相見頻。 :44:0719:44Jan2323Jan23 1故人江海別，幾度隔山川。 19:44:0719:44:0719:44Monday, January 23, 2023 1乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。 :44:0719:44:07January 23, 2023 1他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。 2023年 1月 23日星期一 下午 7時 44分 7秒 19:44: 1比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。 2023年 1月 下午 7時 44分 :44January 23, 2023 1行動出成果，工作出財富。 2023年 1月 23日星期一 7時 44分 7秒 19:44:0723 January 2023 1做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點的射線向前。 下午 7時 44分 7秒 下午 7時 44分 19:44: 沒有失敗，只有暫時停止成功！。 , January 23, 2023 很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。 19:44:0719:44:0719:441/23/2023 7:44:07 PM 1成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點點小小努力的積累。 :44:0719:44Jan2323Jan23 1世間成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。 19:44:0719:44:0719:44Monday, January 23, 2023 1不知香積寺，數(shù)里入云峰。 :44:0719:44:07January 23, 2023 1意志堅強的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 2023年 1月 23日星期一 下午 7時 44分 7秒 19:44: 1楚塞三湘接，荊門九派通。 2023年 1月 下午 7時 44分 :44January 23, 2023 1少年十五二十時，步行奪得胡馬騎。 2023年 1月 23日星期一 7時 44分 7秒 19:44:0723 January 2023 1空山新雨后，天氣晚來秋。 下午 7時 44分 7秒 下午 7時 44分 19:44: 楊柳散和風，青山澹吾慮。 , January 23, 2023 閱讀一切好書如同和過去最杰出的人談話。 19:44:0719:44:0719:441/23/2023 7:44:07 PM 1越是沒有本領(lǐng)的就越加自命不凡。 :44:0719:44Jan2323Jan23 1越是無能的人，越喜歡挑剔別人的錯兒。 19:44:0719:44:0719:44Monday, January 23, 2023 1知人者智，自知者明。勝人者有力，自勝者強。 :44:0719:44:07January 23, 2023 1意志堅強的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 2023年 1月 23日星期一 下午 7時 44分 7秒 19:44: 1最具挑戰(zhàn)性的挑戰(zhàn)莫過于提升自我。 2023年 1月 下午 7時 44分 :44January 23, 2023 1業(yè)余生活要有意義，不要越軌。 2023年 1月 23日星期一 7時 44分 7秒 19:44:0723 January 2023 1一個人即使已登上頂峰，也仍要自強不息。 下午 7時 44分 7秒 下午 7時 44分 19:44: MOMODA POWERPOINT Lorem ipsum dolor sit, eleifend nulla ac, fringilla purus. Nulla iaculis tempor felis amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce id urna blanditut cursus. 感謝您的下載觀看 專家告訴