軟件技術(shù)第7章：算法程序語(yǔ)言軟件工程-資料下載頁(yè)
2024-09-20 21:42本頁(yè)面
【正文】 omputer Science (3) 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)：概要設(shè)計(jì)和詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，給出軟件的結(jié)構(gòu)、模塊和功能的劃分等。編寫(xiě)概要設(shè)計(jì)、詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)和測(cè)試計(jì)劃初稿。 (4) 詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)：源程序編碼，把軟件設(shè)計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)換成計(jì)算機(jī)可以接受的程序代碼。編寫(xiě)用戶手冊(cè)、操作手冊(cè)和單元測(cè)試計(jì)劃。 (5)編碼： (6)測(cè)試：設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)試用例，檢驗(yàn)軟件各個(gè)組成部分。編寫(xiě)測(cè)試分析報(bào)告。 2 軟件開(kāi)發(fā) — 軟件要“怎么做” School of Computer Science 3 軟件運(yùn)行 和維護(hù) (7) 軟件投入運(yùn)行，維護(hù) (進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充和刪改 )。 School of Computer Science Traditional Development Phase 傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)階段 軟件生命周期的開(kāi)發(fā)步驟 School of Computer Science Analysis分析 ? A major goal of analysis is to identify what the proposed system should acplish ? Requirements（需求） ? The needs of the potential users ? Stated in terms of the application rather than in the technical terminology ? Specifications（說(shuō)明書(shū)） ? Technical descriptions of the requirements School of Computer Science Design設(shè)計(jì) ? Design concentrates on how the system will acplish the goals set in analysis ? System structure is established in design ? The best structure is a modular one ? Modularity（模塊化） ? Division of a software into manageable units, each performs only part of the overall task ? Modular deposition ? Makes the implementation of large systems possible ? Allows changes to be made on a modular basis School of Computer Science Implementation and Testing 實(shí)現(xiàn)和測(cè)試 ? Implementation involves the actual writing of programs, creation of data files, and development of database ? Each module is normally tested as it is implemented ? Stubs（樁模塊） ? Simplified versions of modules used to test a certain module ? Feature（功能） test and load test ? Reliability growth test and certification test School of Computer Science 軟件 Development Models開(kāi)發(fā)模型 Recent Trends 趨勢(shì) ? Waterfall（瀑布模型） ? Performs analysis, design, implementation, and testing in a strictly manner ? Incremental（迭代模型） ? Software system is constructed in increments ? Prototyping（原型法） ? Inplete versions of the proposed system (prototypes) are built and evaluated ? Evolutionary prototyping（演化式原型） ? Early prototyping and throwaway prototyping（拋棄式原型） School of Computer Science Testing Methodology Based on Pareto Principle（基于 Pareto法則的測(cè)試方法） ? Pareto principle ? The results can often be increased more rapidly by applying efforts in a concentrated area ? Thus a small number of modules within a large software system tend to be more problematic than the rest School of Computer Science Testing 方法 ? Glassbox testing（白盒測(cè)試） ? Identify problematic modules ? Basis path testing ? Blackbox testing（黑盒測(cè)試） ? Boundary（邊界） value analysis ? Apply redundancy（冗余：兩個(gè)公司開(kāi)發(fā)同一套系統(tǒng)） ? Beta testing（初始版本） School of Computer Science Extreme Programming (XP極限編程 ) ? Suitable for a team of less than a dozen individuals ? A discipline of software development based on values of simplicity（簡(jiǎn)易） , munication（交流） , and courage ? 12 practices School of Computer Science ComputerAided Software Engineering (CASE)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助軟件工程 ? Application of puter technology to the software development process itself ? Project planning tools ? Project management tools（ Microsoft Project 202 2022） ? Documentation tools ? Prototyping and simulation tools ? Interface design tools ? Programming tools (. code generator) School of Computer Science Documentation文檔 ? User documentation ? Manual ? Tutorial（指南） ? Installation guide ? Reference manual ? Help packages ? System documentation ? Source codes ? Record of specification development ? System specifications（說(shuō)明書(shū)） School of Computer Science Software Ownership(所有權(quán)） and Liability（責(zé)任） ? Copyright laws（版權(quán)法） ? Literary（文學(xué)） works vs. software ? Look and feel of a software system ? Lotus vs. Mosaic ? Patents（專利） ? A longstanding principle ? RSA algorithm（一種加密算法） ? Trade secret laws ? Liability limitations（有限責(zé)任） ? Disclaimer ? Level of care School of Computer Science 作業(yè) ? 第 5章： P167: 1 42 ? 第 6章： P210： 21 ? 第 7章： 30
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