【正文】 y, Robert Rogers concludes by expressing reserved approval for the emergence theory in a recent literature review in which he adamantly rejects the possibility of its application to any significant research areas. Rogers’s pronounced position with regard to the emergence theory is most similar to which one of the following? (A) a literary historian who is trained in the classical literature now turns to the study of popular fiction. (B) an activist who is a devotee of environmental protection recently recants and decides that economic development should be prioritized in the poorest areas. (C) a principal who admits the weakness of the teaching of the school while publicizing its success in strengthening the critical thinking of children. (D) a manager who was highly regarded by the staff has been defeated by an airborne manager in the petition. (E) a team member remains loyal to the team leader despite the grand failure of the team. 舉例應(yīng)用題 example, exemplify, illustrate The amount of serotonin in human brain correlates with rates of psychological processes increasing or decreasing the rate of systemizing thinking, for example. The passage implies that which one of the following is an example of psychological process that can be influenced by the amount of serotonin? (A) concentrated thinking when undisturbed (B) increase in the speed of conscious response to an familiar object (C) full understanding of a profound subject (D) the abnormity of child cognitive development (E) the regular patterns in human awareness of an unfamiliar object In his new book Doctor Dolittle39。s Delusion, Stephen Anderson pours cold water on the widespread belief that the munication systems of animals, from bees to bonobos, are essentially (5) similar to human language, arguing convincingly municative abilities of a wide range of creatures: the dance of honeybees, the warning cries of monkeys, and the remarkable cognitive abilities of chimpanzees. Much of this is (10) superficially familiar from other popular accounts, but Anderson39。s synthesis provides illuminating parisons with the infinitely more sophisticated resources of human language, whether spoken or signed. There are undeniable parallels between (15) humans and other animals, but the differences are equally striking and confirm the view that our language is qualitatively different from theirs.1段提煉： A: different vs. other: similar Bees famously indicate the direction, distance and quality of sources of pollen to their fellow (20) workers by means of a 39。waggle dance39。, which is often taken to show that they have a 39。cognitive map39。 of the local terrain. In a meticulous dissection of the properties of this dance, Anderson undermines this claim, showing that the bees39。 (25) perception of distance is largely a function of differences in their visual experience. When bees are made to fly through tunnels with visual patterns on the walls, the distance they indicate corresponds to the plexity of the pattern(30) to which they have been exposed. The dance, then, reflects the bees39。 subjective experience, rather than a map of the external world. 2段提煉： Bees: subjective vs. map We are evolutionarily closer to other primates than to bees. Once again, their systems of (35) munication are less similar to human language than is popularly supposed. Vervet monkeys have distinct alarm calls for leopards, eagles and snakes. These calls can be extended to new types of threat — humans, for instance —and they are under(40) some degree of voluntary control, yet they do not seem to 39。refer39。 to the respective animals in the way we refer with our language. The calls can affect behaviour but not knowledge. Similarly, attempts to teach American Sign Language to chimpanzees(45) have made it clear that, although human infants read intentions into the actions of others, chimps never do.3段提煉： Primates: v. monkeys + chimps To plement his critique of 39。animal language39。, Anderson also outlines what is special about (50) human language: in a word, syntax. Our vocabularies are dramatically larger than those of other animals, and our sound systems are more plex, but the essential design property of human language is syntax — the way we use(55) binations of words to convey meaning. This concept is alien to the munication systems of other species. Thus, it is true that what animals learn is impressive and their cognitive abilities may be remarkable, but they never master (60) anything like a human language and seem incapable of doing so: the plexity of their grammar is not remotely parable to ours. With examples of putative and actual forms of languages drawn from a variety of disciplines(65) such as linguistics, ecology, and anthropology, Anderson ably proves that there exists some property only humans have the privilege and honor to possess, though one may still wonder what constitutes the very syntax of human (70) language and other forms of social munication which supposedly largely distinguish humans from their ecological neighbors . 4段提煉： Human: syntax … ably / wonder 全文結(jié)構(gòu)圖： 1. A: different vs. other: similar (對比)2. bees: map vs. A. subjective (對比)3. primates: v. monkey + chimps (ASL) (并列) 4. human: syntax (..but syntax. true, but) ably / wonder (遞進(jìn) 讓步轉(zhuǎn)折) 1. According to the passage, Anderson’s book addressing languages in human beings and animals differs from other accounts in that it (A) provides an illuminating account of municative cognitive powers of a variety of animals as well as of humans.(B) offers a series of parisons of animals’ information processing systems with those of human beings. (C) highlights the differences between the munication devices animals are equipped with and their much more refined counterparts in humans.(D) emphasizes our uniquen