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confused. [Workshop Manual, P46] All Writing Tasks Q: 高分(5分和4分)和低分(1~3分)在評(píng)分程序上有什么區(qū)別? A: 總的來講,高分(4和5分)的文章要符合評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上的所有要求才能評(píng)為高分,但是低分文章(1到3分)只要符合評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的某一條就可以評(píng)為低分?! n general, responses should be scored at the highest levels (4 or 5) if all the score descriptors fit the response. In contrast, a response should be scored at one of the lower levels (3, 2, or 1) if some or any of the score descriptors noticeably fit the response. [OG, P267] Q: 拼寫錯(cuò)誤和語言問題要不要緊? A: 關(guān)于這一點(diǎn),我們要一分為二來看。一方面,我們沒必要吹毛求疵。閱卷人知道這是first draft并且是under timed condition,只要看得懂,不構(gòu)成理解障礙,就沒太大問題(minor flaw)。另一方面,語法和拼寫還是重要的,一旦這些小錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致閱卷人覺得難以理解,就會(huì)構(gòu)成重大問題(major flaw)?! 【湍梦覀兩险n講的例子來看,把dependence寫成dependency沒太大問題。偶爾把bees independent寫成了bees independency是個(gè)可以看到的錯(cuò)誤,但還是問題不大。偶爾寫出They prefer to be depended on their parents.這樣的奇怪句子也會(huì)得到閱卷人的寬恕。 Occasional language errors will not count against you as long as they do not cause you to misrepresent the meaning of points from the reading and the lecture. [OG, P253] If your essay includes a few minor lexical and grammar errors, you can still get a high score. However, if you make a lot of grammar errors and if those errors make it hard to understand your meaning, you will get a lower score. [OG, P260] Q: 字?jǐn)?shù)是不是很重要? A: 首先,字?jǐn)?shù)沒有上限?! ∑浯?,目前字?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)比以前更有意義,因?yàn)榭荚囉杏?jì)數(shù)器專門動(dòng)態(tài)顯示字?jǐn)?shù),為的是讓考生對(duì)自己的字?jǐn)?shù)做到心里有數(shù)。而且兩篇文章都有了推薦字?jǐn)?shù)。所以,我的建議是超過這個(gè)建議字?jǐn)?shù),雖然不用超過太多。(Integrated Task超過150,Independent Task超過300) 最后,關(guān)鍵是內(nèi)容,而不是數(shù)量。不要為了求字?jǐn)?shù)而導(dǎo)致文章很啰嗦。 Suggested length is between 150 to 225 words. You will not be penalized if you write more, so long as what you write answers the question. [OG, P253] An effective response is typically about 300 words long. If you write fewer than 300 words, you may still receive a top score, but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5. There is no maximun word limit. You may write as much as you wish in the time alloted. [OG, P258] The length is not considered. 以上就是關(guān)于托福寫作中幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題的解析,希望考生通過以上方面的分析可以更深入地了解托福寫作考試,在考試中取得更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。如何實(shí)現(xiàn)詞匯和句型表達(dá)的多樣性 1)使用同義詞?! ”热缫韵碌囊恍懽鞲哳l詞匯的同義詞,這些詞出現(xiàn)的尤為頻繁。要學(xué)會(huì)用同義詞來替換它們。 在綜合寫作中教授說話不能總是用think,還可以用believe, consider, deem, figure out。在托福獨(dú)立寫作中表示近來的時(shí)間狀況用nowadays,還可以用recently, currently, at present, in recent years, these days 再比如表示重要的詞有important,一篇文章如果要求描寫某物重要,不能只寫important這一個(gè)詞吧,和它類似的還有necessary, crucial, essential, vital, significant , indispensable, momentous, 如果還需要再變化,就可以用下面的改變?cè)~性的方法?! ?)改變?cè)~性?! .→ Adj. 比如:important改成be of importance n. → v. When we look at a parison between A and B… When we pare A and B… Adj. → n. There are a variety of solutions to the problem. There are various solutions to the problem. 3)更換使用不同的承接詞。承接詞不僅連接段落和段落,還連接句子和句子。熟識(shí)一些常用的承接詞對(duì)寫作將會(huì)有極大的作用。 because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas so → therefore, hence, thus, consequently 4)形容詞的逆向表達(dá)。在某些形容詞上進(jìn)行修改,會(huì)達(dá)到非比尋常的效果。 Eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than… Not unmon→mon The cheapest → the least expensive 其次,是句型的使用。在新托福寫作部分,評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中非常重要的一項(xiàng)就是句型結(jié)構(gòu),要求句型結(jié)構(gòu)做到豐富多變。例如下面的典型美句,就可以讓你的文章加分: 1)it句 It is delightful to have friends from distant lands. It is undeniable that… It is obvious that… 2)雙否句 it is by no means unmon to find… …never fails to … 3)倒裝句 So severe is this problem that we have no alternative but to take some feasible measures to deal with it. Only through education can we rise in the world. 此外,美國人的另一特點(diǎn)就是注重具體內(nèi)容。即要求我們寫的作文具體化。新托福寫作的宗旨在于municating information。中文經(jīng)過長久的發(fā)展,追求的是含蓄、抽象,用最少的話來表達(dá)深刻的思想,但美國人思維卻是具體的。如果按照中國人思維寫作,美國人會(huì)無法領(lǐng)會(huì),我們的托福作文也就只能得低分?! ∶绹送懈K季S還體現(xiàn)在綜合寫作中。綜合寫作中的閱讀部分就是這種思維,聽力和閱讀結(jié)構(gòu)相似,而內(nèi)容相反??梢?,只要我們能夠做到用美國人的思維、結(jié)構(gòu)看問題,搭出大骨架,從生活中選取豐富的素材使之具體、豐滿,再輔之以閃光的詞匯句型、修辭手法,要拿新托福寫作高分就不再是遙不可及的夢想。寧可累死在路上,也不能閑死在家里!寧可去碰壁,也不能面壁。是狼就要練好牙,是羊就要練好腿。什么是奮斗?奮斗就是每天很難,可一年一年卻越來越容易。不奮斗就是每天都很容易,可一年一年越來越難。能干的人,不在情緒上計(jì)較,只在做事上認(rèn)真;無能的人!不在做事上認(rèn)真,只在情緒上計(jì)較。拼一個(gè)春夏秋冬!贏一個(gè)無悔人生!早安!—————獻(xiàn)給所有努力的人.學(xué)習(xí)參考