【正文】 hers found that children with higher birth weights generally did better on the intelligence tests. Also, the link between birth weight and intelligence later in life was stronger for boys than for girls.Exercise A:1. Some people thought babies were able to learn things when they were five or six months old.2. Doctors think babies begin learning things on their first day of life.3. Babies municate with other people by smiling.4. They can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.5. Babies can learn while asleep.6. They are important for a child’s all later development.Exercise B:Study 1Objective Mothers’ influence on their children in terms of social development and language skillsPeople involvedMore than 1,200 mothers and childrenLength of the studyAlmost three yearsActivityMothers play with their childrenMethod usedObservationFindings1. The children of sensitive women did well on tests of language skills and understanding what they hear. They were cooperative and had no problem dealing with other people. 2. The children of depressed women did poorly on tests of language kills and understanding what they hear. These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people. Study 2ObjectiveBirth weight and intelligence Number of children involvedAlmost 3,500 childrenMethod usedTraditional testsFindings 1. Babies who are bigger at birth generally are more intelligent later in life.2. The link between birth weight and intelligence later in life was a stronger for boys than for girls. Exercise C:Your opinionDirections: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topics,“Many experts say the first years of a child’s life are important for all later development.”1. What should mothers do in the first year of a child’s life?2. What might affect a child if his parents get divorced in his first year of life?Passage 2 FatigueFatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy. Fatigue is different from drowsiness. In general, drowsiness is feeling the need to sleep, while fatigue is a lack of energy and motivation. Drowsiness and apathy (a feeling of indifference or not caring about what happens) can be symptoms of fatigue. Fatigue can be a normal and important response to physical exertion, emotional stress, boredom, or lack of sleep. However, it can also be a nonspecific sign of a more serious psychological or, physical disorder. Fatigue that is not relieved by enough sleep, good nutrition, or a lowstress environment should be evaluated by your doctor. Because fatigue is a mon plaint, sometimes a potentially serious cause may be overlooked. The pattern of fatigue may help your doctor determine its underlying cause. For example, if you wake up in the morning rested but rapidly develop fatigue with activity, you may have an ongoing physical condition like an underactive thyroid*. On the other hand, if you wake up with a low level of energy and have fatigue that lasts throughout the day, you may be depressed. Here are some tips for reducing fatigue:l Get adequate, regular, and consistent amounts of sleep each night.l Eat a healthy, wellbalanced diet and drink plenty of water throughout the day.l Exercise regularly.l Learn better ways to relax. Try yoga* or meditation*.l Maintain a reasonable work and personal schedule.l Change your stressful circumstances, if possible. For example, switch jobs, take a vacation, and deal directly with problems in a relationship.l Take a multivitamin. Talk to your doctor about what you need and what is best for you.l Avoid alcohol, nicotine*, and drag use. If you have chronic* pain or depression, treating either often helps address the fatigue. However, some antidepressant* medications may cause or worsen fatigue. Your medication may have to be adjusted to avoid this problem. Do not stop or change any medications without instruction from your doctor. Stimulants* (including caffeine) are not effective treatments for fatigue, and can actually make the problem worse when the drugs are discontinued. Sedatives* also tend to intensify fatigue in the long run.Exercise A: Prelistening questionWhat is fatigue? What’s the difference between fatigue and drowsiness?Fatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy. Fatigue is different from drowsiness. In general, drowsiness is feeling the need to sleep, while fatigue is a lack of energy and motivation. Drowsiness and apathy can be symptoms of fatigue.Exercise B:1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. CExercise C:1. When do people feel fatigued?Fatigue is a normal and important response to physical exertion, emotional stress, boredom, or lack of sleep.2. What can also be symptoms of fatigue?Drowsiness and apathy can be symptoms of fatigue.3. What can usually relieve fatigue?Enough exercise, good nutrition, or lowstress environment can usually relieve fatigue.4. What treatment can also help deal with fatigue?Treatment for chronic pain or depression often helps address fatigue. 5. What is the side effect of some antidepressant medication? They may cause or worsen fatigu