【正文】
主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中的先行詞的數(shù)一致。4)疑問代詞who,what,which作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單復(fù)數(shù)。5)不定代詞any ,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主語時(shí),有以下兩種情況①單獨(dú)用作主語時(shí),視其在中文的意義,動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。② 后接of時(shí),若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式;若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞,動(dòng)詞可以是代詞,也可以是復(fù)數(shù);在正式文體中,單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。D)分?jǐn)?shù),量詞作主語1)某數(shù)詞單數(shù)單純表示數(shù)值作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式,但是當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示的不是數(shù)值而是數(shù)量時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)。英語中算術(shù)式作主語時(shí),若是減法或除法算術(shù)式,謂語通常用單數(shù)形式;若是加法或乘法,謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。在提問加、減、乘、除得數(shù)時(shí),如用how,much,謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式,如用how many,謂語動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成短語,以及由“some,a lot of,lots of,a(large)quantity of,the rest of,a heap of,heaps of+名詞。作主語時(shí),采取的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中of 后面的名詞是中心詞,而名詞前面的量詞是修飾語。3)a(great)number of,many,a few修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);a little,much,a great deal of,a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。4)(large)quantities of修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。lager amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。5)the number+可數(shù)名詞,the amount of+不可數(shù)名詞,the quantity of+可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。6)表示數(shù)量的one and a half后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是其短語主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:One and a half is enough. One and a half bananas is left on the table.7)half of,(a)part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。E)名詞化的形容詞作主語1)如果主語由“the+形容詞(或過去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)時(shí),謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。這類詞有the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the dead,the deaf and dumb,the injured等;但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別,則用單數(shù)。這類形容詞或分詞如果用表示個(gè)體時(shí),就要與名詞man,person或鄙視人的單數(shù)連用。例如:a rich manF)從句作主語1)由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù);所指的具體內(nèi)容若是復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:What we need are doctors.2)在“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one,因此從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是,當(dāng)one之前有the only等修飾語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one,而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,因此從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是單數(shù)形式。||