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od when I speak English. 我擔(dān)心當(dāng)我說英語是別人聽不懂。 不定式被動語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在分詞被動語態(tài)、過去分詞表示被動應(yīng)該注意的幾個問題?! ?. 不定式的被動語態(tài)作狀語時多表達目的,相當(dāng)于in order to be done, 而過去分詞則表示原因、條件、伴隨等?,F(xiàn)在分詞被動語態(tài)的完成式強調(diào)分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前?! 、買n the circus, the tamed animals will be given some food when they finish tricks. To be given more food, the animals will try their best to please the trainer. 在馬戲團里,當(dāng)馴獸完成它們的把戲,會得到一些食物。若要得到更多食物,它們就要盡其所能來取悅馴獸師。 (To be given...=In order to be given...,表示目的,此處不可用Given 或 Being given) ?、贖aving been asked some very difficult questions, the boy came into the office. 男孩被問了一些很難的問題后,來到辦公室里?! ?Having been asked...=After he was asked..., 表示ask 的動作發(fā)生在e 之前) 2. 不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表達將來的動作, 過去分詞作定語表達過去或完成的動作,現(xiàn)在分詞被動語態(tài)的一般式表達一種正在進行的動作?! 、賂he meeting to be held next week is about how we can deal with this problem. 下周要開的會是關(guān)于我們?nèi)绾谓鉀Q這個問題的?! ?to be held=which is to be held, be to 在此表達將來) ②The book published last month sells well. 上月出版的那本書賣得很好?! ? published = which was published, published不可用to be published或being published代替) ?、跿he building being built now will be finished in ten days. 正在建筑的那棟樓,10天內(nèi)完工。 (being built=which is being built, 表示正在進行的動作) 3. 作賓補時,若非謂語動詞與其前面的賓語有邏輯上的被動關(guān)系, 表示感官的動詞,如 see, find, watch, notice, hear, feel 及部分使役動詞,如:have, keep, get, let 等后跟過去分詞作賓補;allow, advise,forbid, permit, want, order 等后跟不定式被動語態(tài)作賓補?! 、賂he Emperor ordered the cloth to be woven for him right away. 皇帝命令說立刻為他織那塊布?! 、赪hen she got home, she found her windows broken. 當(dāng)她回到家時,發(fā)現(xiàn)窗戶破了。五、動名詞的用法(以下內(nèi)容看看則可) (1)作主語?! 用~短語作主語時,為了使句子平衡,常將動名詞短語放在謂語之后,而用it作形式主語?! t is useless arguing with him about such a matter. 跟他爭論這樣的事情是沒用的?! 用~和不定式都可作主語,在許多情況下可以通用,但動名詞作主語多表示一般或抽象或多次的行為,不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動作?! ≡?It is no use/good, not any use/good, useless后人們習(xí)慣上用動名詞?! ?2)作賓語 下列動詞(組)只能接動名詞作賓語 admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, pardon, permit, practise, suggest, require, be (get) used to(習(xí)慣于...), cant’t help(禁不住), feel like, set about, stick to, keep on, look forward to, devote oneself to, insist on, pay attention to, be worth, give up, put off?! ∠铝袆釉~后跟不定式或動名詞意義區(qū)別不大: begin, start, love, continue, hate, prefer?! ∠铝袆釉~后跟不定式或動名詞意義不同,在平時學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)特別注意?! orget, remember, regret, try, stop, mean, go on, can39。t help?! ∠铝袆釉~后跟動名詞主動語態(tài),不定式被動語態(tài)作賓語表示被動。 need, want, require。如: These clothes need mending (to be mended). (3) 作表語 動名詞作表語多表示抽象性的或習(xí)慣性的動作,當(dāng)表示下一步打算時多用不定式作表語?! 、費y job is teaching you English. 我的工作是教你英語。 ?、贖er next step is to get as much money as she could to build the factory. 她下一步是獲取盡可能多的資金建造工廠。 (4)作定語 動名詞作定語表示用途,而不是正在進行著的動作?! e is now in the sleeping car. 他現(xiàn)在在房車?yán)??! ?. 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)指在動名詞前加物主代詞或名詞所有格。物主代詞或名詞所有格表明動名詞動作的發(fā)出者。 His ing late made the teacher angry. 他的遲到讓老師生氣?! 用~的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語時,物主代詞或名詞所有格可以變?yōu)槿朔Q代詞的賓格或名詞的普通格,但復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時不變?nèi)魏巫兓??! e entered the room without anyone noticing him. 他進入房間,沒有人察覺到他?! i Ming’s smoking ( 不可用Li Ming smoking) in the classroom surprised us. 李明在教室里吸煙讓我們很吃驚。 3. 動名詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài) 動名詞的時態(tài)分為一般式和完成式兩種形式。如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,則運用完成式;如果與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生,用一般式?! ’m sorry for not having kept my promise. 對不起,我沒有遵守諾言?! ∪魟用~與其邏輯主語有被動關(guān)系,則運用被動語態(tài)形式。( 但有些動詞后運用主動形式表達被動概念,除上述動詞外,be worth后也跟動名詞主動形式表達被動概念)?! e entered the room without being noticed. 他進入房間而沒被察覺。