【正文】 first nation to reach the moon, coupled with continuing Cold War rivalry, created much public support for the space programme and Washington was able to fund many more missions. During the 1970s, the moon was visited again, unmanned missions were sent to Mars and, for the first time, manmade craft were put on paths that would take them out of the solar system. Translation — English to Chinesesystem. 在在 20世紀世紀 70年代，月球被再次訪問，無年代，月球被再次訪問，無人飛船被送往火星，而且人造飛船也首人飛船被送往火星，而且人造飛船也首次被送上將帶領(lǐng)它們脫離太陽系的軌道次被送上將帶領(lǐng)它們脫離太陽系的軌道。Translation — Chinese to English《 讀寫教程 III》 : Ex. XI, p. 270NASA announced that one of the tangible objectives of this nineday (flight) mission was to do research into the effects of space flight on the aging process. Translation — Chinese to English1. 美國國家航空和航天局宣布，這次飛行任務(wù)長達九天，其美國國家航空和航天局宣布，這次飛行任務(wù)長達九天，其明確目的之一將是研究太空飛行對衰老過程的影響。明確目的之一將是研究太空飛行對衰老過程的影響。 one of the tangible objectives space flightthe aging processDuring the Cold War era, the Soviet Union and the United States both spent substantial funds on space exploration. Translation — Chinese to English2. 在冷戰(zhàn)期間，蘇美兩國在外層空間的開發(fā)活動方面投入在冷戰(zhàn)期間，蘇美兩國在外層空間的開發(fā)活動方面投入了大量的資金。了大量的資金。 the Cold War era space explorationspend substantial funds (on)The President’s proposal to scale down/back the government’s social welfare spending has caused a great deal of controversy. Translation — Chinese to English3. 總統(tǒng)關(guān)于削減政府社會福利支出的提議已經(jīng)在公眾中引總統(tǒng)關(guān)于削減政府社會福利支出的提議已經(jīng)在公眾中引起了很大的爭議。起了很大的爭議。 scale down social welfarecause a great deal of controversyBefore the American space shuttle Discovery returned to the Kennedy Space Center, the bad weather in Florida, coupled with the door trouble, put its safe landing in doubt. Translation — Chinese to English4. 美國美國 “發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn) ”” 號航天飛機回到肯尼迪航天中心之前，佛羅里號航天飛機回到肯尼迪航天中心之前，佛羅里達惡劣的天氣，加上艙門的故障，曾使安全著陸難以保證達惡劣的天氣，加上艙門的故障，曾使安全著陸難以保證。 the space shuttle Discovery coupled withput its safe landing in doubtSo far there is little evidence of life on Mars, but this doesn’t justify the conclusion that space research has no scientific value. Translation — Chinese to English5. 迄今為止還沒有充分證據(jù)表明火星上有生命，但這并不迄今為止還沒有充分證據(jù)表明火星上有生命，但這并不是說外層空間的研究沒有科學(xué)價值。是說外層空間的研究沒有科學(xué)價值。there is little evidence ofthis doesn’t justifyThe International Space Station, a collaboration in which sixteen countries are taking part, is the most expensive spaceexploration project ever undertaken. Translation — Chinese to English6. 國際空間站是費用最為昂貴的太空探索項目，是有十六國際空間站是費用最為昂貴的太空探索項目，是有十六個國家參與的合作項目。個國家參與的合作項目。the International Space Stationspaceexploration projectThis book describes the period at the end of the 1950s when the pioneers of Chinese space exploration pressed ahead with their research without the help of foreign experts. Translation — Chinese to English7. 這本書講的是在五十年代末，中國航天探索的先驅(qū)者在這本書講的是在五十年代末，中國航天探索的先驅(qū)者在沒有外國專家?guī)椭那闆r下，執(zhí)著地進行研究的情況。沒有外國專家?guī)椭那闆r下，執(zhí)著地進行研究的情況。 at the end of the 1950s pioneerspressed ahead with the researchThis year the profits made in manufacturing industries have exceeded $200 billion, making up one half of our country’s GDP. Translation — Chinese to English8. 今年制造業(yè)創(chuàng)利已超過二千億美元，占我國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總今年制造業(yè)創(chuàng)利已超過二千億美元，占我國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的一半。值的一半。 manufacturing industriesmake profitsmake up one half of our country’s GDPStructured WritingIn Text A — chronological orderv The author starts by stating his viewpoint.v He then proceeds to present facts, intertwined with opinions, that support his point of view. Notice how he uses time markers to anize these paragraphs in simple chronological order（（ 時間順序時間順序 ）） .Structured WritingSample EssayWrite your own? viewpoint:“The race to the moon, which was won by the Americans in 1969, was driven almost entirely by politics…… ” Structured Writing? Facts. (Notice how he uses time markers to anize these paragraphs in simple chronological order)Paragraph 2: the reference to President Kennedy establishes the time period as the 1960sParagraph 3: During the 1970s ……Paragraph 4: But, by the 1980s …… the Challenger space shuttle disaster of 1986 ……Structured WritingThe war against written homework for pupils in primary schools was started in the late 80’s of the 20th century. People were shocked to find that pupils’ school bags, containing many more textbooks, workbooks and exercise books, were being heavier than ever before. Pupils were totally deprived of their carefree childhood, having to work on their small desks for 4 or 5 hours a day after school.Public concern for pupils’ health, coupled with the demand of “returning a carefree childhood” to our children, created much support for dramatically cutting down the homework for pupils. In the first decade of the 21st century, primary schools banned all kinds of homework for pupils, memorization was declared unhealthy and entrance examination for middle schools were altogether stopped. Structured WritingBut in the middle of the second decade of the 21st century, public support for “no homework” began to decline as people found with dismay that the “no homework policy” failed to meet the country’s demand for a highly educated workforce. Primary schools were under pressure to make sure children could read and write properly. This put the future of free time for pupils in doubt. Structured WritingStructured WritingUse chronological order to structure a short position of your own —— about 150 words —— in which you present the historical background to an issue you’re interested in. An example written from a future standpoint would be: 1. Review Text A2. Do exercises:? Structure (Ex. IX, p. 269)? Translation (Ex. X amp。 XI, p. 270)? Cloze (Ex. XII, p. 271)Assignment