【正文】 食fatfree diet無脂飲食saltfree diet無鹽飲食fever diet熱病飲食full diet全食，普通飲食half diet半食high caloric diet高熱量飲食highcarbohydrate diet高糖類飲食highprotein (protein rich) diet高蛋白飲食invalid diet病弱者飲食light diet易消化飲食liquid diet流質(zhì)飲食high fat diet高脂飲食low fat diet低脂飲食low caloric diet低熱量飲食lowprotein diet低蛋白飲食lowresidue diet低渣飲食nourishing diet滋補(bǔ)飲食obesity diet肥胖病飲食prenatal diet孕期飲食regimen diet規(guī)定食譜smooth (soft) diet細(xì)軟飲食 Preparing the patient for the surgery為病人手術(shù)前做準(zhǔn)備shaving the patient’s skin (skin prep)備皮 anesthesia麻醉 Postoperative care手術(shù)后護(hù)理coughing and deepbreathing exercises咳嗽呼吸練習(xí)applying elastic stockings穿彈性襪applying elastic bandages用彈性繃帶 Emergency care (first aid)急救護(hù)理cardiopulmonary resuscitation心肺循環(huán)復(fù)蘇術(shù)mouthtomouth(mouthtonose,mouthtostoma) resuscitation口對(duì)口（口對(duì)鼻，口對(duì)頸部小口）循環(huán)復(fù)蘇術(shù)emergency care for fainting (shock, stroke) victims昏厥（休克、中風(fēng)）患者急救emergency care used to control hemorrhage止血急救emergency care given to help a patient who is vomiting嘔吐患者急救emergency care for a patient during a seizure癲癇發(fā)作急救hospice care臨終護(hù)理postmortem care死后護(hù)理 diseases疾病acute diseases急性病advanced diseases病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases慢性病municable diseases傳染病 plicating diseases并發(fā)病congenital diseases先天性疾病acquired diseases后天性疾病 contagious diseases接觸性傳染病endemic diseases地方病 epidemic diseases流行病functional diseases機(jī)能病、官能病 infectious diseases傳染病inherited diseases遺傳病 malignant diseases惡性病nutritional diseases營養(yǎng)病 occupation diseases職業(yè)病organic diseases器質(zhì)性病 paroxysmal diseases陣發(fā)性病periodical diseases周期病 primary(principal)diseases原發(fā)（主導(dǎo)）病secondary diseases繼發(fā)病 sexual(venereal, social)diseases性病terminal diseases絕癥 wasting diseases消耗性疾病 chief plaint主訴 clinical manifestation臨床表現(xiàn)delivery history分娩史 etiology病因?qū)Wfamily history家族史 history, medical history病史precipitating(induced)誘因 marital status婚姻狀況menstrual history月經(jīng)史 menarche初潮menopause閉經(jīng) past history既往史pathogenesis發(fā)病機(jī)制 personal history個(gè)人史 symptoms癥狀cardinal symptom主要癥狀 classical symptom典型癥狀conitant symptom伴發(fā)癥狀 constitutional(systemic) symptom全身癥狀indirect symptom間接癥狀 induced symptom誘發(fā)癥狀local symptom局部癥狀 mental symptom精神癥狀symptomplex (syndrome)symptom綜合癥，癥候群signs體征antecedent前驅(qū)征 assident (accessory)副征memorative后遺癥 sign of death死征diagnostic診斷征 sign of disease病征subjective自覺征，主觀征vein sign靜脈征 vital sign生命體征body length (height of the body)身高body weight體重 barrel chest桶狀胸cachexia惡病質(zhì) pulsive position被動(dòng)體位critical facies病危面容 emaciation消瘦enophthalmos眼球下陷 entropion瞼內(nèi)翻exophthalmos眼球突出 flushed face面色潮紅gain (loss) in weight增加（減輕）體重 lockjaw牙關(guān)緊閉lordosis脊柱前凸 nasal ala flap鼻翼扇動(dòng)nystagmus眼震 obesity肥胖pallor蒼白 scolisis脊柱側(cè)凸agitation焦急不安 debility, weakness虛弱diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗 dizziness, vertigo眩暈lassitude, fatigue無力，倦怠 malaise不適night sweat盜汗 numbness麻木rigor, chill寒冷，發(fā)冷 perspiration, sweating出汗pruritus, itching癢， somasthenia軀體無力tingling麻刺感 abscess膿腫acidosis酸中毒 adhesion粘連alkalosis堿中毒 allergy過敏coagulation defect凝血不良 congestion充血dehydration脫水 distention膨脹edema水腫 embolism栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance水電解質(zhì)紊亂gangrene壞疽 hematoma血腫hemorrhage, bleeding出血 infarction梗塞，梗死infection傳染 inflammation炎癥ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 metastasis轉(zhuǎn)移perforation穿孔 necrosis壞死shock休克 response反應(yīng)，應(yīng)答reaction反應(yīng)，感應(yīng) thrombosis血栓形成ulceration潰瘍 fever, pyrexia發(fā)燒，發(fā)熱continuous fever稽留熱 intermittent fever間歇熱lowgrade fever低熱 remittent fever馳張熱relapsing fever回歸熱 pain痛burning pain灼痛 chest(flank,…) pain胸（脅腹…）痛cramplike pain痙攣性痛 dull, diffused pain彌漫性鈍痛pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛radiating pain (pain radiating to…)放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina絞痛 cardiac angina心絞痛backache背痛 colic絞痛，急腹痛earache耳痛 headache頭痛neuralgia神經(jīng)痛 migraine偏頭痛rebound tenderness反跳痛 somatalgia軀體痛sore throat咽喉痛 stomachache胃痛toothache牙痛 bloody sputum帶血的痰cough咳嗽 dry cough干咳expectoration咳痰 expectoration of blood咳血hemoptysis咳血 anoxia缺氧 apnea呼吸暫停，窒息asthma氣喘，哮喘 Cheyne Stokes respiration切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea呼吸困難 hyperpnea hyperventilation過度呼吸，換氣過度hypopnea呼吸不全， 呼吸淺表 hypoxia低氧，缺氧orthopnea端坐呼吸 respiratory arrest呼吸停止suffocation窒息 tachypnea呼吸急促fetid breath口臭 fruity breath呼吸有水果味 arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齊 atelectasis肺不張，肺膨脹不全cardiac arrest心搏驟停 cardiac hypertrophy心臟肥大cyanosis發(fā)紺，青紫 distension of jugular vein頸靜脈怒張extrasystole期外收縮 gallop rhythm奔馬律hemopleura血胸 hepatojugular reflux肝頸靜脈回流hypovolemia（循環(huán)）血容量減少 palpitation心悸tachycardia心動(dòng)過速 pneumothorax氣胸thrill震顫 absent breath sounds呼吸音消失dull sound濁音 hyperresonant鼓音rale啰音 rhonchus, rhonchi鼾音，干啰音wheeze哮鳴音 anorexia, loss of appetite食欲不振，厭食dysphagia吞咽困難 eructation噯氣belching噯氣 flatulence氣脹flatus腸胃氣，屁 gaseous distention胃脹氣hematemesis嘔血 hiccough, hiccup打呃，呃逆nausea惡心 pyrosis胃灼熱regurgitation反胃，回流 thirsty口渴vomiting嘔吐 anal fissure, crack in the anal canal肛裂a(bǔ)scites腹水boardlike rigidity of the abdomen板狀腹decreased tactile fremitus觸覺性震顫減弱exophageal varices食管靜脈曲張fistula瘺，瘺管 hemorrhoid痔hernia疝 hepatomegaly肝腫大intussusception腸套疊 jaundice黃疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall腹壁肌衛(wèi)peristalsis蠕動(dòng) loss of peristalsis蠕動(dòng)消失mass peristalsis總?cè)鋭?dòng)retrograde (reversed) peristalsis逆蠕動(dòng) prolapse脫垂prolapse of anus脫肛 rectal prolapse直腸脫垂，脫肛volvulus腸扭轉(zhuǎn) calculus結(jié)石， 石biliary calculus膽結(jié)石 vesical calculus膀胱結(jié)石 constipation便秘 defecation排便diarrhea腹瀉 incontinence of feces大便失禁hematochezia便血 fecal impaction大便嵌塞occult blood潛血 painful straining with defecation排便痛性牽動(dòng)clay colored stools陶土色便 dark, granular/coffee ground emesis咖啡樣嘔吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting嘔糞，吐糞foul fatty stools, steatorrhea惡臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools便少而硬tarry (black) stools柏油樣便 anuria無尿burning sensation no urination排尿時(shí)的灼燒感dysurea排尿困難，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting遺尿frequency of urination尿頻mic