【正文】 的同事卻覺(jué)得非常有趣 In the old days, when I was a little boy, the city had no industry to speak of. They will fly to kunming, where they plan to stay for two or three days, and then go on to Goblin. Exercise: Activity 4. 5 (P231) 三、將來(lái)完成時(shí) 將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)某時(shí)間之前憶經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，并往往對(duì)此后產(chǎn)生影響，它常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 I shall have finished this one before lunch. When we get there they’ll probably have left. 肯： will/shall + have+ 否： will/shall not +have + 疑： will/shall + 主 +have + ..？ How many words shall we have learned by the end of term? By the end of the course you will have gained three credits. 學(xué)完本課程，你將獲得三個(gè)學(xué)分。 You won’t have earned our certificate by December. Unit Fifteen: Town Life 一、 Language Focus 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) still, yet, already的用法 二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 。 也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，該動(dòng)作不一定在說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話的時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行 。還可表示按計(jì)劃在最近或最近的將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 They are making preparations for it. He is showing a foreign guest round the city. We are having rehearsals this week. be + being +V。的過(guò)去分詞 A new railway is being built. The case is being investigated. Sports and leisure centers are being built. Exercise: Activity 7. 8. 9. (P252) 三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ： have (has) been + The book has been translated into many languages. The aircraft has been redesigned. 否定句： have/has + not + been +詞 疑問(wèn)句： have/has 提到主語(yǔ)前 The aircraft hasn’t been redesigned. Has the aircraft been redesigned? The tree hasn’t been chopped down. Has the tree been chopped down? 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： have/has been + 過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： have/has been + 現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 What have you been doing all this morning? I have been writing letters. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： am be is being + are ｛ The boy is being taken to school right now. A new railway is being built. Exercise: Activity 14. 17 (P257) 四、 still, yet, already的用法 可以用在否定句和肯定句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情及存在的狀況目前還在延續(xù)。 He’s still living with his mother. 常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句 John, have you finished that report yet? John, hasn’t finished that report yet and I asked him for it three days ago. 用于肯定句中 It’s only 11 o’clock and they have already had lunch. Unit Sixteen: Crime and Justice 一、 Language Focus 表達(dá)因果關(guān)系 復(fù)習(xí)反意疑問(wèn)句 動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表勸告 二、學(xué)習(xí)與懲治犯罪相關(guān)的詞匯 P266 Activity 1 (P266) 三、表達(dá)因果關(guān)系 表達(dá)因果關(guān)系可使用 due to, lead to, cause/be caused by, because of 等多種表達(dá)法，這些表達(dá)法前可使用 can/could 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 to表 “ 由于 ” ，可作表語(yǔ)，后面可跟名詞，名詞性短語(yǔ)或代語(yǔ)， due to 也可用作狀語(yǔ) His success is due to hard work. 他的成功是努力工作的結(jié)果。 The match was cancelled due to rain. 因?yàn)橄掠瓯荣惐蝗∠恕? “ 導(dǎo)致，引起 ” lead to 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) The recession caused/lead to the higher rate of unemployment. of I came back back because of the rain. Exercise: Activity 5. (P271) 四、反意疑問(wèn)句 ，問(wèn)對(duì)方同不同意，這種問(wèn)句由兩部分組成，前一部分用陳述句形式，后一部分是附著在前一部分上的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句。如果前一部分為肯定，后一部分用否定。前一部分用否定，后一部分用肯定。 You prefer going by plane, don’t you? You have already got our invitation, haven’t you? You won’t be away for long, will you? 你不會(huì)離開(kāi)太久，是吧？ We can’t take the books out, can we? ：僅要疑問(wèn)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)跟主句中保持一致。 在第一部分為否定句時(shí)要特別注意，這時(shí)英語(yǔ)回答和漢語(yǔ)回答是不一致的 例： Gee wasn’t there that day, was he? 喬治那天不在那里，對(duì)吧？ No, he wasn’t 對(duì)，不在 Yes, he was 不，他在那里 You haven’t any objection to the idea ,have you? 你不反對(duì)這個(gè)意見(jiàn)，是吧？ No, I haven’t 是的，不反對(duì)。 ， no, never, hardly, scarily等 You have no classes tomorrow, have you? You have never met each other before, have you? Have a little more coffee, will you? Let’s meet at the station, shall we? Exercise: Activity 8 (P273) 五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表勸告 “ 必須 ” We must show concern for every student. you mustn’t talk like that. Must we send in our plan this week? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t. 注意否定回答 ought to 意義相近，它們中間有一些差別，在表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做的事情時(shí)，常用 ought to ,在表示某件事宜于做時(shí)，多用 should You are his father, you ought to take care of him. We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech. 在日常會(huì)話中我們不宜于用太多的大字。 Should 用于第二人稱時(shí)可表示溫和的建議和命令，也可表示強(qiáng)烈的語(yǔ)氣 You should see a doctor now. You should mind your own business. Exercise: Activity 12. (P276) Unit Seventeen: Live and Let Live 一、 Language Focus 復(fù)習(xí)間接引語(yǔ)和間接疑問(wèn)句 表達(dá)數(shù)量， 反意疑問(wèn)句 二、表達(dá)數(shù)量， P288 表達(dá)數(shù)量的詞有 all, nearly all, most, many, some, several, a few, not many, hardly any和 none 三、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的間接引語(yǔ) 11單元已學(xué)過(guò)間接引語(yǔ)，如果引用的句子是陳述句，把直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： ①在引語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭用連詞 that在動(dòng)詞 say后， that有時(shí)可以不用 He said: “ Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He told his mother that the boy was very naughty. ② 根據(jù)意思改變?nèi)朔Q He said: “ I have left my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room. ｛ ｛ ③ 注意引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)與句子主要謂語(yǔ)在時(shí)態(tài)上的一致，即：引述動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的前提，如果直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為一 般過(guò)去時(shí)，則在間接引語(yǔ)中要變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí) 。如果現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則要變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí) 。如果是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則要變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則要變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí) She said: “ I need some gauze.” She said that she needed some gauze. kitty said: “ I’ll call again after supper.” Kitty said that she would call again after supper. Mary said: “I’m beginning to sleep better.” Mary said that she was beginning to sleep better. ｛ ｛ ｛ ④ 根據(jù)意思將指示代詞、地點(diǎn)及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等作必要的更動(dòng) 一般來(lái)講 here 變 there today—that day 直接引語(yǔ)中 間接引語(yǔ)中 指示 this → that 代詞 these → those 表 now → then 時(shí) today → that day 間 this week (month) → that week (month) 的 yesterday → the day before 詞 last week