【正文】 2 SummaryMicrocontroller: ATmega328Operating Voltage: 5VInput Voltage (remended): 712VInput Voltage (limits) :620VDigital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)Analog Input Pins: 6DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mADC Current for Pin: 50 mAFlash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328) of which KB used by bootloaderSRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)Clock Speed : 16 MHzLength: mmWidth: mmWeight: 25 g3 PowerThe Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The power source is selected automatically.External (nonUSB) power can e either from an ACtoDC adapter (wallwart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a centerpositive plug into the board39。s power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The remended range is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows:VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it39。s using an external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin. pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 12V), the USB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (712V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. We don39。t advise . A volt supply generated by the onboard regulator. Maximum current draw is 50 . Ground pins.IOREF. This pin on the Arduino board provides the voltage reference with which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the IOREF pin voltage and select the appropriate power source or enable voltage translators on the outputs for working with the 5V or . MemoryThe ATmega328 has 32 KB (with KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM library). Input and OutputEach of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pullup resistor (disconnected by default) of 2050 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USBtoTTL Serial chip.External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details.PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8bit PWM output with the analogWrite() : 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI munication using the SPI library.LED: 13. There is a builtin LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it39。s off.The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function. Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI munication using the Wire are a couple of other pins on the board:AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the also the mapping between Arduino pins and ATmega328 ports. The mapping for the Atmega8, 168, and 328 is identical.4 CommunicationThe Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for municating with a puter, another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial munication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial munication over USB and appears as a virtual port to software on the puter. The 39。16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no external driver is needed. However, on Windows, a .inf file is required. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USBtoserial chip and USB connection to the puter (but not for serial munication on pins 0 and 1).A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial munication on any of the Uno39。s digital pins.The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI munication. The Arduino software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus。 see the documentation for details. For SPI munication, use the SPI library. ProgrammingThe Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). Select Arduino Uno from the Tools Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). For details, see the reference and tutorials.The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno es preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It municates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (InCircuit Serial Programming) header using Arduino ISP or similar。 see these instructions for details.The ATmega16