【正文】 ovide a software platform. The choice of operating systems determines to a great extent of the applications. Therefore OS is very important.The operate system is in the charge of Computer resource control program to execute system software. Say in a specific way， the OS is the most basic in the calculator software system, also constituting the part most importantly, it is responsible for the management and controls the calculator system in all hardware resources and the software resources, can make of various resources matched with mutually, moderating to work with one accord, full develop its function, exaltation the efficiency of the system, still take the interface function of the customer and the calculator system at the same time, use the calculator to provide the convenience for the customer. The operate system is a huge management control procedure, including 5 management functions mostly: Progress and processing the machine manage, the homework manage, saving management, equipments management, document management. Divide the line from the function, the tiny machine operate system can is divided into the single mission operate system, single many mission operate systems of customer and many mission operate systems of multiuser of single customer. At present there are several kinds of OS on the puter which are DOS, OS/2, UNIX, XENIX, LINUX, Window2000, Netware etc.In order for a puter to perform the required task, it must be given instructions in a language that it understands. However, the puter’s own binary based language, or machine language, is difficult for humans to use. Therefore, people devised an assembly language to shorten and simplify the process. In order to make a puter more friendly to use, programmers invented high level languages, such as COBOL, FORTRAN, ASSEMBLER, PASCAL, C++, etc, which made the puters easier to use. For the time being, HTML and XML are very useful languages as well. The database is often used to describe a collection of related data that is organized into an integrated, sophisticated structure that provides different people with varied access to the same data. A database management system is an extremely plex set of software programs that controls the organization, storage and retrieval of data in a database. A successful DBMS is often characterized with the four principal features: (1)Data Security and Integrity。 (2)Interactive query。 (3)Interactive data Entry and Updating。 (4)Data Independence. The intelligent databases are being more popular in that they can provide more validation. The researches on new types of database systems are underway. 附錄B倘若不是伴隨著計算機(jī)的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代世界的高端技術(shù)不可能出現(xiàn)。從政府的秘密文件到銀行對私人家庭賬戶的賬目往來上看，不同類型和規(guī)模的計算機(jī)在存儲和處理數(shù)據(jù)方面的用途貫穿著整個社會。計算機(jī)通過自動化技術(shù)在制造業(yè)方面開辟了一個新的紀(jì)元，并且增強(qiáng)了現(xiàn)代化通信系統(tǒng)。他們幾乎在研究和技術(shù)應(yīng)用的每個領(lǐng)域上都是必不可少的工具，從宇宙的構(gòu)造模型上去推測未來的天氣預(yù)報，同時他們使用這種技術(shù)進(jìn)一步去開辟新領(lǐng)域的猜想。數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)和計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以得到大量信息資源。同樣先進(jìn)的技術(shù)也能使隱私被非法入侵和信息源遭受限制成為可能，計算機(jī)犯罪已經(jīng)成為諸多隱患之一，當(dāng)它享用現(xiàn)代技術(shù)帶來的的好處時社會必須面對這種情況的發(fā)生。計算機(jī)是一種能夠接收一系列指令、程序，并能自動執(zhí)行程序，通過數(shù)值型數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行各種數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)算和信息處理的電子設(shè)備。計算機(jī)的類型主要包括微機(jī)、小型機(jī)、中型機(jī)和大型機(jī)等等。微小型化，即努力將更多的電路部件壓縮成越來越小的集成電路片，逐漸成為計算機(jī)發(fā)展的主要趨向。除此之外，研究人員正在試圖開發(fā)更強(qiáng)大和更先進(jìn)的計算機(jī)。任何用戶都是通過操作系統(tǒng)來使用計算機(jī),。每個普通用途的計算機(jī)都必須有一個操作系統(tǒng)用來運(yùn)行其他的程序。操作系統(tǒng)能夠完成基本的任務(wù)并能提供一個軟件平臺。操作系統(tǒng)的選擇決定了它應(yīng)用的擴(kuò)展能力。因此說操作系統(tǒng)很重要.操作系統(tǒng)是管理計算機(jī)資源控制程序執(zhí)行的系統(tǒng)軟件。具體的說，操作系統(tǒng)是計算機(jī)軟件系統(tǒng)中最基本，也是最重要的組成部分，它負(fù)責(zé)管理和控制計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)中所有的硬件資源和軟件資源，使各種資源之間能夠相互配合，協(xié)調(diào)一致地工作，充分發(fā)揮其作用，提高系統(tǒng)的效率，同時還擔(dān)當(dāng)用戶與計算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的界面作用，為用戶使用計算機(jī)提供方便。操作系統(tǒng)是一個龐大的管理控制程序，大致包括5個方面的管理功能：進(jìn)程與處理機(jī)管理、作業(yè)管理、存儲管理、設(shè)備管理、文件管理。從功能上劃分，微機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)可以分為單用戶單任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)，單用戶多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)和多用戶多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)。目前計算機(jī)上常見的操作系統(tǒng)有：DOS、OS/UNIX、XENIX、LINUX、Window2000、Netware等。為了讓計算機(jī)執(zhí)行所需的任務(wù)，必須用它所能理解的語言對其發(fā)出一串指令。不過，計算機(jī)基于自己的二進(jìn)制語言，或機(jī)器語言，是很難被人類所理解的。因此，人們想出了一個匯編語言以縮短和簡化的過程。為了使計算機(jī)更友好的為人類所用，程序員們開發(fā)了許多高級語言，如面向商業(yè)的通用語言、公式翻譯程序設(shè)計語言、匯編語言、菲利普自動順序計算機(jī)語言、C++語音等等，這些語言使計算機(jī)更容易被使用。目前， HTML和XML是非常實用的語言。數(shù)據(jù)庫是一種常用的收集相關(guān)資料,整理成綜合性、復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu),使不同的人有不同的獲取相同數(shù)據(jù)的路徑. 數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)是一個極其復(fù)雜的軟件程序，在數(shù)據(jù)庫中負(fù)責(zé)管理組織、存儲和檢索資料。一個成功的數(shù)據(jù)庫通常顯示以下四個主要特點：（1）安全性和完整性；（2）交互式查詢；（3）交互式數(shù)據(jù)輸入和更新；（4）數(shù)據(jù)獨(dú)立性。智能數(shù)據(jù)庫逐漸成為流行，因為它們可以提供更多的驗證，并拒絕錯誤的數(shù)據(jù)錄入到數(shù)據(jù)庫中。研究的新類型數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)正在起步。