【導(dǎo)讀】業(yè)博士研究生英語入學(xué)水平原則上應(yīng)達(dá)到或高于碩士生的通過水平。1．文章內(nèi)容切題。審題準(zhǔn)確,不跑題。語言簡潔、準(zhǔn)確、說理清楚,讀者能從作文內(nèi)容清楚理解作者寫作意圖。要使文章意義連貫必須具有一。定的技能，包括較強(qiáng)的語感，遣詞造句能力和文章謀篇布局的組織能力；符合英語表達(dá)的習(xí)慣、語法錯誤較少、語言基本功扎實(shí)，最終避免中式?；?，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無重大錯誤，文章長度符合要求。8分：內(nèi)容符合要求，包括了標(biāo)題或提綱中多數(shù)內(nèi)容；基本清楚表達(dá)的主題的內(nèi)涵；0分：文不切題。只將預(yù)先背誦的某篇文章默寫下來，或語句混亂，無法理解。

　　

【正文】 However, the old people, wedded to everything of the past, are hostile to changes and the generation gap bees wider and wider. After all, the young generation, like the old one, is made of flesh and blood. The young also need respect and they also have skills and good ideas. In order to narrow the gap, both groups should try to understand each other. Most probably, these suggestions may help to solve the problem. 12. Should Men and Women Be Equal? Should men and women be equal? This is a question much talked about by many people. Some hold the opinion that men are superiro to women in many ways. For one thing, many a job men do can hardly be done by women, who are physically not strong enough。 and for another, most of the wordfamous scientists or statemen are found to be males. Moreover, the whole human society seems to have all along been dominated by men only. Isn’t it evident enough to show that men are a lot stronger than women? Hence, the former should enjoy more rights than the latter. Other people, however, think quite differently on this question. They firmly believe that men and women are born equal. And women are certainly as talented as men if they are given equal opportunities of education. Isn’t it a fact known to us all that women have been working side by side with men in China and elsewhere in the wordl? Like their men folks, they have been distinguishing themselves not only in research institutions, but in government bodies and other anizations as well. Personally, I am firmly standing on the side of those women’s rights defenders. Since men and women are playing an equally important role in all human activities, why should not they be on an equal footing? Furthermore, from time immemorial, there have been two sex groups, namely, men and women. Our Human society could definitely not have existed or advanced without either of them. Is it wonder that men and women ought to be equal and enjoy equal rights accordingly? 13. Computer and Man It is believed that the puter can do almost every thing. At the time the puter was invented, scientists, carried away by its calculating speed, felt that they had created a miracle. It Was gradually used not noly in mathematics,physics,chemisry and astronomy, but in places like the library, hospital and military army to replace the work of man. For the work of man. For this reason, the puter was entiled ―Electronic Brain‖ in terms of appreciation. Can man be controlled by puters? The answer is negative. Although a puter works much faster and accurately than man , a fact is undeniable。 it is designed, manufactured and programmed by man, and therefore by human beings. Of course, science fictions have made up many fascinating stories about a puter, or rather robot,who conquers man and the earth, even the whole universe。 however, they are only unrealistic imaginatio. A horse helps man a lot runs much faster than we, but it is only a slave. The future for the puter is very promising. With the help of it, we can do things that could not be done the universe, discovering new things, explaining mysteruiys phenomena puzzling us at present are all made possible by puter. 14. what kind of life to liverealistic or romantic ? There has always been an argument between the young and the old about what kind of life to liverealistic or romantic. Young people tend to think real think that real lofe is as dramatic and fascimating as it is in the novels and movies while more experiened adults think this na239。ve daydream is certain to be broken by later experiences and everyone should learn to get used to the dull routine of his everydy life. However, there are some inadequacies in the opinions on the part of both sides. Life will be unimaginable if everything we do is only for realistic purpose, and the same is true if what we do everyday is just to enjoy ourselves. So it’s not difficult for us to see that neither way can ensure a happy life. In my opinion, a real happy lofe can never be separated from either of the two ways. On the one hand, let’s enjoy lifeenjoy the excitement of sports. On the other, let’s not fet our work. Happy life can never go without hard work. 15. Fast Food Fast food is being more popular in China, especially among children and teenagers. Today, it39。s certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents the fast pace of modern society as powerfully as fast food. There are several reasons for its popularity. First, it is very convenient and saves a lot of time. The trends of modern society seem to all point to one ultimate goalsaving time, and fast food well serves this purpose. You just go into a fast food restaurant, order your food, and your food is ready in no time. You can either eat it there or take it away. Second, its popularity is also attributed to the clean and fortable environment of fast food restaurants, the excellent ervice, and the guaranteed quality of food. However, in terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. It usually does not pose a balanced diet and is low in nutritional value. Thus, doctors suggest that people, especially children, eat fast food as little as possible. Although cooking at home is timeconsuming and the following washingup tiresome, it offers healthy and delicious meals your body likes and needs. Fast food is only a good choice when you are in a hurry and turn to it once in a while. 16. On the Attitude towards Fighting against Criminals Today crime rate in our cities seems to be rising. Thefts, robberies, and murders are reported to take place even in the broad daylight. Facing crime tide, people may take different attitudes. Some feel frightened and prefer to turn a blind eye to the criminals. Others are resolute and dare to run risk at the cost of their li