地理信息系統(tǒng)gisppt課件-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-05-12 13:55本頁(yè)面
【正文】 and demographic analysis for retail/office location Data Input (Data Model, Data Measurement) Data storage, retrieval and database management Data analysis (manipulation, transformation exploration and confirmation) Output (display and product generation) Geographical Information System GIS Basic Functions of GIS ? Data capture/input: – Input data by digitizing, scanning, or direct coordinate entry – Edit data in the GIS to correct errors or add features – Label the spatial features so they can be identified (names or codes) Geographical Information System GIS Basic Functions of GIS ? Management: – Link attribute data to spatial objects – Link to external databases – Make changes in existing databases – Update database features – Import and export from/to other GIS or DBMS – Combine map sheets to create large databases match the edges of neighboring map sheets Geographical Information System GIS Basic Functions of GIS ? Manipulation: – Make maps from different sources patible so that they can be drawn on top of each other – Transformation of coordinates – Projection change Geographical Information System GIS Basic Functions of GIS ? Analysis: – Query ? Select features by their attributes: “find all districts with literacy rates 60%” ? Select features by geographic relationships: “find all family planning clinics within this district” ? Combined attributes/geographic queries: “find all villages within 10km of a health facility that have high child mortality” Geographical Information System GIS Basic Functions of GIS ? Analysis (cont.): – Buffer: find all settlements that are more than 10km from a health clinic – Pointinpolygon operations: identify for all villages into which vegetation zone they fall – Polygon overlay: bine administrative records with health district data – Geocoding/address matching: match an address list with a street map – Network operations: find the shortest route from village to hospital Geographical Information System GIS Basic Functions of GIS ? Modeling: identify or predict a process that has created or will create a certain spatial pattern – Diffusion: how is the epidemic spreading in the province? – Interaction: where do people migrate to? – Whatif scenarios: if the dam is built, how many people will be displaced? Geographical Information System GIS Basic Functions of GIS ? Display/output: – Exploratory ? visualize pattern and identify anomalies ? pare information in map space and data space – Cartography ? produce high quality map output for publication ? create a digital or paper census atlas – Export map output to other packages Geographical Information System GIS Basic Functions of GIS Answers GIS can give Location What is at... Condition Where is it... Trends What has changed since... Patterns What spatial patterns exists... Modelling What if... Spatial Questions... Geographical Information System GIS Application areas ? Geomorphology （地形學(xué)） – fluvial, slopes, glaciology, coasts, etc. ? Hydrology （水文學(xué)） – flood modelling, water quality, pollution modelling, etc. ? Soils （土壤學(xué)） – formation, properties, crop models, etc. ? Biogeography （生物物理學(xué)） – vegetation patterns, ecological modelling, etc. ? Landscape (景觀） – evaluation, visual impact, carrying capacity, etc. ? Resources （資源） – mapping, assessment, exploitation, siting, etc. Geographical Information System GIS Geographical Information System GIS Conclusions
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