【正文】 pplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A government study remended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the FederalAid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.　　The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000mile web of highways, bridge, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, desserts, and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.　　Longspan, segmentedconcrete, cablestayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt, Baker in Washington, met many of the nation39。s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.　　Today, the interstate system links every major city in the . and the . with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other . roads （ deaths per 100 million passenger miles pared to deaths per 100 million on all other roads）.　　By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provide people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most personal freedom of mobility.　　The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation39。s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent pf the nation39。s freight deliveries arrive by truck。 and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spinoff industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.　　By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: Together, the united forces of our munication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bearUnited States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.　　1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.　　2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the twolane highways of America.　　3. It was in the 1950 that the American government finally took action to build a national high way system.　　4. Many of the problems presented by the country39。s geographical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.　　5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.　　6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.　　7. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.　　8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was____________.　　9. Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than_____________.　　10. The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of______.第一步：略讀全文，確定結(jié)構(gòu)（）快速瀏覽文章的第一段以及各部分的小標(biāo)題，搞清文章的大體結(jié)構(gòu)和主要內(nèi)容(一般都可以判斷第一道主旨題目的答案)警告:不要一上來就看后面的問題,對(duì)文章沒有了解,后面的問題會(huì)讓你摸不著頭腦,增加挫敗感.第二步：分析題眼，原文定位 (1分鐘)按順序做每一道小題，正確理解題目所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞——題眼，在文中找到相應(yīng)的位置 。定位詞找23個(gè)就行，多了也記不住。最好是位置不同的兩個(gè)詞。特別注意：比較容易定位的詞是： 1. 比較長，難的名詞容易定位，好找。 2. 時(shí)間、數(shù)字、地點(diǎn)、人名、大寫字母的單詞容易定位。 劃定位線索應(yīng)遵循以下原則： （1）形式最鮮明的專有名詞和數(shù)字時(shí)間，而且多多益善。因?yàn)檫@些也有可能是不止一次出現(xiàn)，有兩個(gè)或者以上，就能比較確定。如： 　　1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.　　 Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two lane highways of America.　　3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national high way system.　　例1的定位詞是1921； 例2的定位詞有General Eisenhower, 再加上German, 還有America(但America定位的意義不大，因?yàn)樗秦灤┤牡抹D―文章講的就是美國的事情)；例3也有鮮明的1950s, 參照American government.　 同時(shí)要注意讀出隱性的數(shù)字，也就是本身沒有數(shù)字，但暗示文章里有數(shù)字。如：5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate（死亡率）on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.　　這里Death rate當(dāng)然可能用數(shù)字來表達(dá)。9. Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than ________________.　More than后面也可能是數(shù)字。 （2）如果沒有如此鮮明的標(biāo)志，可以找本句的核心概念。還要注意這是為了在原文中尋找相應(yīng)的東西，所以不一定是意義最重要或者對(duì)文章最重要，而是在原文中最可能明確找到的?！?4. Many of the problems presented