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. 她是否和我們一起去對(duì)我而 言不重要。(主語(yǔ)從句)I don’t know whether/if he will e. 我不知道他來(lái)不來(lái)。(賓語(yǔ)從句)(3)由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句:疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在從句中擔(dān)任語(yǔ)法成分,而且常保留其本身的含義。. Why they left the country is a 。(主從) She explained to him how he can start the car. 她向他解釋怎樣才能啟動(dòng)這輛汽車。(賓從) The question was who owned the house. 問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)是那房子的主人。(表從)(4)名詞從句中注意的幾點(diǎn):①that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可用it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。. It is strange that he make a mistake. 真怪,他竟做錯(cuò)了。(主從,it為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為that所引導(dǎo)的從句). He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 他很明確地說(shuō)他寧愿學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。(賓從,it為形式賓語(yǔ),真正的賓語(yǔ)為that所引導(dǎo)的從句)②在同位語(yǔ)從句中,可接同位語(yǔ)的名詞通常是抽象名詞,且通常帶冠詞。常見的有:idea(主意), belief(信仰), doubt(疑問(wèn)), evidence(證據(jù)), fact(事實(shí)), hope(希望), message(消息), news(消息), orders(命令), plan(計(jì)劃), promise(許諾), feeling(感覺), truth (真理,事實(shí))等。B.例題講解1)With his work pleted, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action. (《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 2, 38)A. which B. that C. what D. whether解析:此題中he was a man of action這個(gè)句子做pleased的賓語(yǔ),而在這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中句子成分完整且不缺詞義,因此正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。2)I have the placent feeling ______ I’m highly intelligent. (《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 3, 34)A. what B. which C. that D. this解析:feeling后面的句子是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句,要用that來(lái)引導(dǎo),因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。3)We all thought ______a pity that you were unable to attend our meeting.((《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test3, 36)A. that B. which C. this D. it解析:此題中,that所引導(dǎo)的從句是真實(shí)賓語(yǔ),因此在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞thought之后缺少一個(gè)形式賓語(yǔ)it,因此正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。2.定語(yǔ)從句A. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)(1)在句子中作定語(yǔ)的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句。 . He is the person who / that is going to give a concert on the century square. ↓ ↓ 先行詞 關(guān)聯(lián)詞他是那個(gè)要在世紀(jì)廣場(chǎng)上舉行音樂會(huì)的人。(2)關(guān)聯(lián)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定成分, 關(guān)系代詞/副詞 先行詞 在從句中的作用關(guān)系代詞 who 指人 作主語(yǔ) whom 作賓語(yǔ)(可省) that 指人或物 作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可?。?whose 作定語(yǔ) which 指物 作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞 when 表示時(shí)間的名詞 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) where 表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) why reason 作原因狀語(yǔ). A man who does not try to learn from others cannot hope to achieve much. 一個(gè)不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能指望有多大成就的。(在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)) The engineers (whom / that) we met yesterday have worked out a new machine. 我們昨天碰到的那些工程師設(shè)計(jì)出了一種新的機(jī)器。(在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)) It is a problem which needs very careful consideration. 這是一個(gè)需要非常認(rèn)真考慮的問(wèn)題。(在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)) Madame Curie is a great scientist whose name is known all over the world. 居里夫人是一位世界聞名的大科學(xué)家。(在定語(yǔ)從句中作name的定語(yǔ))We can never forget the day when Hong Kong returned to our homeland. 我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記香港回歸祖國(guó)的那一天。(在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) The building where you used to live has been pulled down. 你過(guò)去曾住過(guò)的那棟大廈已經(jīng)被拆除了。(在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) We know the reason why he was very angry. 我們知道他為什么非常生氣。(在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),其先行詞一般是reason)(3)只能用關(guān)系代詞that的情況:① 先行詞為all, anything, something等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that;. I have never taken anything that doesn’t belong to me. 我從未拿過(guò)不屬于我的任何東西。② 先行詞前有最高級(jí)形容詞及序數(shù)詞first, last, next, only等修飾詞時(shí),只能用that。. He was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived. 他是有史以來(lái)最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。 He is the only one among us that knows English. 他是我們當(dāng)中唯一一個(gè)懂英語(yǔ)的人。(4)只能用關(guān)系代詞which的情況:① 定語(yǔ)從句前出現(xiàn)逗號(hào)時(shí),只能用which引導(dǎo);. I never met Mary again, which was a pity.② 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)且前面有介詞時(shí),只能用which引導(dǎo)。. The music to which we listened last night was written by my father. 我們昨晚聽的那首曲子是我父親寫的。B.例題講解1)Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato?(《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 1, 37)A. who B. which C. whose D. whom解析:此題中,the guy是先行詞,并且在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都不缺,只缺少名詞主語(yǔ)中head的定語(yǔ),表示“那個(gè)家伙的頭看上去像個(gè)大馬鈴薯”,因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。2)While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo, _______ is very useful now for me.(《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 4, 32) A. it B. which C. that D. what解析:此題是which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,而A和D是不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的,因此正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。3)It is the best _______ I have seen. (《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 4, 42) A. that B. who C. whom D. which解析:先行詞為the best,是good的最高級(jí)形式;在定語(yǔ)從句中,先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或有最高級(jí)形容詞修飾詞時(shí),只能用that,因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。4)Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of movies _______ bad for their mental development.(《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 5, 38) A. that is B. which is C. as is D. what are解析:such能與as或that搭配,分別引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句,因此排除B和D。在此題中,______ is bad for their mental development這句話中,缺少主語(yǔ),因此該句為as…引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,as代替kind of movies做定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ),因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。5)The film brought the hours back to me _______ I was taken good care of in that remote village.(《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 6, 42) A. when B. where C. that D. until解析:此題中,the hours為先行詞,表時(shí)間,而在從句中缺少的就是相應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。3.狀語(yǔ)從句A. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)用作狀語(yǔ)的從句稱為狀語(yǔ)從句。它主要用于修飾句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,從各個(gè)方面來(lái)修飾、說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí)的各種情況。狀語(yǔ)從句的連接副詞有很多,比如:when(當(dāng)…時(shí)候)while(當(dāng)…時(shí)候), as(正當(dāng)…時(shí)), every time(每當(dāng)), before(在…以前), since(自…以來(lái)), until / till(直到…), hardly … when(剛…就…),because (因?yàn)椋? as(在..時(shí)候;像…一樣…;因?yàn)椤? since(既然),if(如果), though(雖然), as, than…等等。例句:(1)When she woke up, she found everybody had gone. 她醒來(lái)時(shí),她發(fā)現(xiàn)大家都走了。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)(2)Don’t try to get on the train until / till it stops.等火車停下來(lái)再上車。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)(3)Wherever I go, I will bring an umbrella with me. 我不管到哪,都會(huì)帶上一把傘。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)(4)He was worried because he hadn’t had any letter form his child. 他很著急,因?yàn)樗恢睕]有收到他孩子的信。(原因狀語(yǔ)從句)(5)I’ll ring him up at once so that he shouldn’t wait for me. 我馬上給他掛電話以便他別等我了。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)(6)If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country. 如果明天天氣晴朗,我們就到鄉(xiāng)下去。(條件狀語(yǔ)從句)(7)Although he is little, he is brave. 他人雖小,但很勇敢。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)(8)I admire and respect you more than everybody else (does). 我比其他的人都更欽佩和尊敬您。(比較狀語(yǔ)從句)B.例題講解1)No matter ______, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely.(《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 1, 45)A. it was snowing hard B. hard it was snowingC. how it was snowing hard D. how hard it was snowing解析:此題為“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,因此可以排除A和B,而how疑問(wèn)詞后面要接副詞或形容詞,因此正確答案為D選項(xiàng)