【正文】 wap 利率掉期Preferential rate 優(yōu)惠匯率Profit and loss account 損益表Securities and Exchange Commission=SEC 證券交易管理委員會International Swaps and Derivatives Association=ISDA 國際掉期與衍生物協(xié)會End user 最終用戶Corporate governance 公司監(jiān)管Stoploss limit 止損點(diǎn)Scenario analysis 情景分析Sensitivity analysis 敏感度分析Front line personnel 一線人員Police vt. 監(jiān)管Code of conduct 行為規(guī)范Unsolicited 主動提供的Shoot through the floor 漲瘋了Unit 18 market structure and petitionDurable consumer goods 耐用消費(fèi)品Market leader 市場領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者M(jìn)arket follower 市場跟從者M(jìn)arket challenger 市場挑戰(zhàn)者M(jìn)arket share 市場份額Market segmentation 市場細(xì)分Differential advantage 差別又是Unique selling point=USP 獨(dú)特賣點(diǎn)Submarket 刺激市場Potential customer 潛在客戶Barrier to entry 進(jìn)入門檻Cartel 卡特爾Dominantfirm oligopoly 寡頭壟斷Economies of scale 規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)Monopolistic petition 壟斷競爭Monopoly 壟斷Monopsony 買家壟斷Natural monopoly 自然壟斷Oligopoly 寡頭壟斷Perfect petition 完全競爭Homogenous 同類的，同質(zhì)的Public utility 公用事業(yè)Marginal cost 邊際成本Unit 19 takeovers, mergers and buyoutsMergers and acquisition 并購Backward integration 向后合并Forward integration 向前合并Horizontal integration 橫向合并Vertical integration 縱向合并Innovate 創(chuàng)造 發(fā)明Diversify 多樣化Raid 企圖收購Takeover 收購出價Politics 權(quán)術(shù)，勾心斗角Optimum 最合適的Scanning electron microscope 掃描電子顯微鏡Craftsmanship 技術(shù)，技藝Leica 萊卡Worldclass player 世界級的玩家，世界級角色Rightsize 精簡機(jī)構(gòu)人員，合理簡化On a day’s notice 提前一天通知On short notice 突然Leveraged buyouts=LBO 杠桿收購Management buyout= MBO 管理層收購Synergy 協(xié)同Assetstripping 資產(chǎn)剝離Equity capital 股本Junk bond 垃圾債券UNIT 20 efficiency and employmentComputerization 計算機(jī)化Flexibility 靈活性Public services 公共服務(wù)Selfemployment 自我雇傭Decentralization 分權(quán)Free trade 自由貿(mào)易Jobsharing 工作分享Rationalization 精簡增效Deregulation 解除管制Productivity 生產(chǎn)效率Restructuring 重組Structural change 結(jié)構(gòu)改變Welfare 福利Monetary policy 貨幣政策Private rent sector 私人租賃市場Downturn 下滑Recession 衰退Tenure 任期Downsizing 減員Agency employmentRhetoric 說辭Received wisdom 流行觀點(diǎn)Unemployment benefit 失業(yè)救濟(jì)Sack 解雇Job insecurity 工作不穩(wěn)定性Employability 可雇傭性Structural unemployment 結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)Frictional unemployment 摩擦性失業(yè)Cyclical unemployment 周期性失業(yè)Structural shift 結(jié)構(gòu)性改變Job retention rate 工作留用率UNIT 21 Business cycleClassical economic theory 古典經(jīng)濟(jì)理論Welfare capitalism 福利資本主義Vitality 活力Perfect petition 完全競爭，自由競爭Free enterprise 自由市場Wellbeing 幸福Unit 22 the role of governmentMarket forces 市場力量Health Department 衛(wèi)生部National Health Service 全民醫(yī)療Undercurrent 潛流Good society 良性社會State action 國家行為Health care 醫(yī)療服務(wù)Underclass 底層The affluent 富人Planned economy 計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)Central economic planning 中央經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)劃Intervention 干預(yù)Coerce vt. 強(qiáng)迫Mortician 殯葬業(yè)者A host of 很多Dispose of 用掉，用光Industry 實(shí)業(yè)Department of Trade and Industry= DTI 貿(mào)易工業(yè)部Unit 23 central banking, money and taxationFiscal policy 財政政策M(jìn)onetary policy 貨幣政策Open market operation 開放市場操作Bank run 擠兌Liquidity ratio 現(xiàn)金比率Branch of the government 政府部門Budgetary policy 預(yù)算政策Budget deficit 預(yù)算赤字US Federal Reserve 美聯(lián)儲Price stability 價格穩(wěn)定，物價穩(wěn)定Declare （海關(guān)）申報Levy tax at… 對……征稅Ine tax 所得稅Direct tax 直接稅Indirect tax 間接稅Valueadded tax 增值稅Regressive tax 遞減稅Progressive tax 遞增稅Sales tax 銷售稅Capital gains tax 資本所得稅Capital transfer tax 資本轉(zhuǎn)移稅Wealth tax 財富稅Tax evasion 逃稅，漏稅Tax avoidance 避稅Government expenditure 政府支出Excise duties 消費(fèi)稅，國內(nèi)貨物稅Corporation tax 公司稅Marginal rate 邊際率Black economy= underground economy 黑色經(jīng)濟(jì)，地下經(jīng)濟(jì)，非法經(jīng)濟(jì)Moonlighting 兼差Selfemployed 自雇Family firm 家庭企業(yè)Gross national production= GNP 國民生產(chǎn)總值Loophole 漏洞Life insurance人壽保險Tax shelter 減免稅收合法手段Tax loss 負(fù)稅虧損Capital expenditure 資本支出，基本建設(shè)費(fèi)用Money laundering 洗錢Unit 24 exchange rates 外匯利率The Bretton Woods agreement 布雷頓森林體系Fixed exchange rate 固定利率Floating exchange rate 浮動利率Peg against 掛鉤Promissory note 本票International Monetary Fund 國際貨幣基金組織Devaluation 貶值Revaluation 升值Gold convertibilityFreely/ clean floating exchange rate 清潔浮動利率Managed/ dirty floating exchange rate 管制/骯臟浮動利率Purchasing power parity=PPP 購買力平價Convertible currency 可兌換貨幣European monetary system= EMS 歐洲貨幣體系Spread 差價Exchange Rate Mechanism= ERM 匯率機(jī)制Sterling 英國貨幣Dmark 德國馬克Hedging 對沖Accelerated depreciation 加速折舊Capital flow 資本流Cash flow 現(xiàn)金流Common currency 共同貨幣Floating rate note 浮動利率債券，浮動利率票據(jù)Gold standard 金本位Managed floating 管制浮動Managed fund 投資基金Offthepeg 脫鉤Pegged 掛鉤的Pure floating 純粹浮動Unit 25 the business cycleDepression= slump 蕭條Trough 谷底Recovery= expansion= upturn= upswing 經(jīng)濟(jì)回升，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長Peak 頂峰Recession= downturn= contraction 衰退Negative growth 負(fù)增長Boom 快速增長Stagnation 停滯Stagflation 滯漲Gross Domestic Production= GDP 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值Internal= endogenous 內(nèi)因的External= exogenous 外因的Balance of payments 國際收支差額Demographic 人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)的Kondratieff cycle 康德拉捷夫長期波動周期Austerity 節(jié)儉Expectation 預(yù)期Industrialist 實(shí)業(yè)家Exogenous shock 外部沖擊Equilibrium 均衡，平衡Unit 26 Keynesianism and MonetarismBuoyant 誘惑力的，繁榮的Sluggish 缺乏活力的Rigid 僵硬的Selfcorrecting 自我調(diào)節(jié)的Multiplier effect 乘數(shù)效應(yīng)Menu cost 菜單成本Unit 27 international tradeAutarky 自給自足Balance of payments 國際收支Balance of trade 貿(mào)易收支Barter= countertrade 易貨貿(mào)易Dumping 傾銷Invisible imports 無形進(jìn)出口Visible trade= merchandise trade 有形商品貿(mào)易Protectionism 保護(hù)主義Quotas 限額，配額Surplus 盈余Cost price 成本價Trade barrier 貿(mào)易壁壘Comparative cost principle 相對成本遠(yuǎn)離Real ine 實(shí)際收入Nominal ine 名義收入Factors of production 生產(chǎn)要素Semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體Strategic industry 戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)Retaliate 報復(fù)Infant industry 幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè)Elastic 彈性的Nontariff barrier 非關(guān)稅壁壘Safety norm 安全規(guī)則General Agreement on Tariffs And Trade= GATT 關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定World Trade Organization= WTO 世貿(mào)組織Commodity price 物價Import substitution 進(jìn)口替代Trading block 貿(mào)易集團(tuán)European Union 歐盟North America Free Trade Area=NAFTA 北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)Full employment 充分就業(yè)Unit 28 economics and ecologyEnvironmental acceptability環(huán)境可接受度= ecoefficiency 生態(tài)效率Disposal 處理Ecology 生態(tài)學(xué)Emission 排放Waste 廢棄物L(fēng)egislation 立法Economize 節(jié)省Production process 生產(chǎn)過程Production procedure 生產(chǎn)程序Close down 停產(chǎn)，停業(yè)Sulphur dioxide 二氧化硫Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Polluting substance 污染物Pragmatism 實(shí)用主義Costeffective 有成本效益的，劃算的Environmental Protection Agency= EPA 美國環(huán)保署Set a price for 定價Financial inventive 財務(wù)獎勵Government ceiling 政府上限Particulate dust 微塵Compliance 遵守，順從Bureaucracy 官僚主義Toy with 不太認(rèn)真的考慮Power station 發(fā)電站Unit 29 information technology and electronic merceLondon School of Economics 倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院London School of Business 倫敦商學(xué)院The dispossessed 窮人Disenfranchise 剝奪~人的權(quán)利Go under 破產(chǎn)Lowtax jurisdiction 低稅收地區(qū)Tax deficit 稅收赤字Pressure group 壓力集團(tuán)Mutate into 變成Nation state 民族國家Plug 推廣Hit 到達(dá)，影響Streets ahead of 遙遙領(lǐng)先Phenomenal task 非凡的壯舉Unit 30 entrepreneurs and venture capitalVenture capital 風(fēng)險投資Market capitalization 市場資本化，市值Market opportunity 市場機(jī)遇，市場機(jī)會Market penetration 市場滲透High net worth individual 高凈資產(chǎn)個人Risk averse 回避風(fēng)險List 上市Equity 股本Running costs= overheads 運(yùn)營成本Utility maximization 效用最大化Executive summary 經(jīng)營綜合報告Business plan 經(jīng)營計劃，企業(yè)計劃Economic agent 經(jīng)濟(jì)單位Entrepreneur 企業(yè)家Macroeconomics 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Microeconomics 微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)