【正文】 he had a flash of inspiration. If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire. In searching to improve the telegraph,Bell had invented the first telephone! Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention and wrote to his father:The day is ing when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas – and friends will talk to each other without leaving home. The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. The words have now bee famous:Mr Watson e here I want to see you. Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he interested himself in many other areas of invention. He experimented with helicopter designs and flying machines. While searching for a kite strong enough to carry a man into the air, Bell experimented putting triangles together and discovered the tetrahedron shape. Being very stable, it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges. Bell was an inventor all his life. He made his first invention at eleven and his last at seventy five. Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody39。s life.亞歷山大格雷厄姆貝爾 亞歷山大格雷厄姆貝爾1847年出生于蘇格蘭。但在他還小的時候，他家就搬到了美國的波士頓。他的母親幾乎全聾了，因此他有志于幫助聾人交流，并從事聾人教育事業(yè)。這一愛好促使他發(fā)明了麥克風(fēng)。他發(fā)現(xiàn)他把嘴唇放在母親的額頭上，并以一定的方式來移動額骨，就可以使她聽懂他所說的話。 他認(rèn)為一個人應(yīng)該總是有好奇心理。他最有名的一句話是：“偶爾離開平路去尋求困境。每次當(dāng)你這樣做的時候，你一定會發(fā)現(xiàn)你從未見過的東西。跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)某種值得思考的東西盤踞著你的頭腦。所有真正偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)都是思考的結(jié)果?！? 正是這種對問題的探索和富有活力的精神造就了他那最著名的發(fā)明——1876年的電話。貝爾并非一開始就想要發(fā)明電話的，他本來想設(shè)計(jì)的東西是多路電報(bào)。這種原始的電報(bào)是在一段距離中用莫爾斯電碼傳遞信息（莫爾斯電碼是通過電線發(fā)出的以特定的次序敲擊出的一連串點(diǎn)劃），. 但是這樣只能一次發(fā)一個信息。貝爾想改進(jìn)電報(bào)通訊方式，以便同時能發(fā)出好幾個信息。他設(shè)計(jì)了一種機(jī)器，以使聲波分成不同的音調(diào)，從而有可能在同一時間里進(jìn)行不同的通話。但是他發(fā)現(xiàn)這個問題很難解決。有一天做實(shí)驗(yàn)，他把一根干草的一端和一個聾子的耳鼓膜連接起來，另一端連接一塊被煙熏過的玻璃。貝爾發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)他對著耳朵說話的時候，這根干草就把聲波畫在被煙熏過的玻璃上。突然間他靈機(jī)一動，靈感來了。如果聲波能夠以連續(xù)運(yùn)動的電波形式復(fù)制的話，那么聲波就可以沿著導(dǎo)線傳送出去了。在探求改進(jìn)電報(bào)的過程中，貝爾發(fā)明了第一臺電話機(jī)！ 貝爾完全懂得這項(xiàng)發(fā)明的重要性，他寫信告訴他的父親說：“這樣的一天即將到來。到那時，電報(bào)線將會鋪到各家各戶，就像水和煤氣通到各家各戶一樣。朋友之間不必離開家就可以彼此通話了。” 這項(xiàng)專利是1876年發(fā)布的，但是貝爾是在五天以后才跟他的助手華生通了第一次電話。他說的話現(xiàn)在已成為名言了?！叭A生先生——到這兒來——我想見你。” 亞歷山大格雷厄姆貝爾是個閑不住的人，他對許多其他領(lǐng)域的發(fā)明都感興趣。他試驗(yàn)直升飛機(jī)和飛行器。他尋找一種強(qiáng)度足以把人帶上天空的風(fēng)箏，與此同時，他又試著把三角形拼裝在一起，因而發(fā)現(xiàn)了四面體。這種四面體非常穩(wěn)定，被證明是在橋梁設(shè)計(jì)中的無價之寶。 貝爾的一生都在發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。他11歲時就有了第一項(xiàng)發(fā)明，而他的最后一項(xiàng)發(fā)明則是在他75歲高齡的時候。雖然人們常把他與電話的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起，但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。Unit4 Pygmalion 第四單元 皮格馬利翁ReadingPYGMALIONMAIN CHARACTERS:Eliza Doolittle (E): a poor flower girl who is ambitious to improve herselfProfessor Higgins (H): an expert in phonetics, convinced that the quality of a person39。s English decides his/her position in societyColonel Pickering (CP): an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins39。 who sets him a taskAct One FATEFUL MEETINGS 11 :15 pm in London, England in 1914 outside a theatre. It is pouring with rain and cab whistles are blowing in all directions. A man is hiding from the rain listening to people39。s language and watching their reactions. While watching, he makes notes. Nearby a flower girl wearing dark garments and a woollen scarf is also sheltering from the rain. A gentleman (G) passes and hesitates for a moment.E: Come over’ere, cap’in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.G: I39。m sorry but I haven39。t any change.E: I can giv’ou change, cap’in.G: (surprised) For a pound? I39。m afraid I39。ve got nothing less.E: (hopefully) Oah! Oh, do buy a flower off me, Captain. Take this for three pence. (holds up some dead flowers)G: (unfortably) Now don39。t be troublesome, there39。s a good girl. (looks in his wallet and sounds more friendly) But, wait, here39。s some small change. Will that be of any use to you? It39。s raining heavily now, isn39。t it? (leaves)E: (disappointed at the oute, but thinking it is better than nothing) Thank you, sir. (sees a man taking notes and feels worried) Hey! I ain’t done nothing wrong by speaking to that gentleman. I39。ve a right to sell flowers, I have. I ain’t no thief. I39。m an honest girl I am! (begins to cry)H: (kindly) There! There! Who39。s hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for? (gives her a handkerchief)E: I thought maybe you was a policeman in disguise.H: Do I look like a policeman?E: (still worried) Then why did 39。ou take down my words for? How do I know whether 39。ou took me down right? 39。ou just show me what 39。ou39。ve wrote about me!H: Here you are. (hands over the paper covered in writing)E: What39。s that? That ain39。t proper writing. I can39。t read that. (pushes it back at him)H: I can. (reads imitating Eliza) Come over39。 ere, cap39。in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl. (in his own voice) There you are and you were bornin Lisson Grove if I39。m not mistaken.E: (looking confused) What if I was? What39。s it to you?CP: (has been watching the girl and now speaks to Higgins) That39。s quite brilliant! How did you do that, may I ask?H: Simply phonetics studied and classified from people39。s own speech. That39。s my profession and also my hobby. You can place a man by just a few remarks. I can place any spoken conversation within six miles, and even within two streets in London sometimes.CP: Let me congratulate you! But is there an ine to be made in that?H: Yes, indeed. Quite a good one. This is the age of the newly rich. People begin their working life in a poor neighbourhood of London with 80 pounds a year and end in a rich one with 100 thousand. But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths. Now once taught by me, she39。d bee an upper class lady ...CP: Is that so? Extraordinary!H: (rudely) Look at this girl with her terrible English: the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days. But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador39。s garden party. Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady39。s maid or a shop assistant, which requi