【正文】 give sb sth 或give sth to sb → sb be given sth或sth be given to sb，這類含有介詞to或for的短語見下表　　主動(dòng)語態(tài)　　被動(dòng)語態(tài)　　send sb sth或send sth to sb　　sb be sent sth或sth be sent to sb　　show sb sth或show sth to sb　　sb be shown sth或sth be shown to sb　　buy sb sth或buy sth for sb　　sb be bought sth或sth be bought for sb　　make sb sth或make sth for sb　　sb be made sth或sth be made for sb　　⒉主謂賓＋省略to的不定式(即賓補(bǔ))：使役動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，原來省略的to一定要加上?！　〕Ｒ姸陶Z⑴make sb do sth→sb be made to do sth (主動(dòng)語態(tài)不含to，被動(dòng)語態(tài)必須帶to。下同)　?、苃ear sb do sth→sb be heard to do sth 　　⑶see sb do sth→sb be seen to do sth　?、萮ave sb do sth→sb be had to do sth　　注意特殊例子：let sb do sth →sb be let do sth (主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)都不含to。)　　. He made the workers work 12 hours a day. → The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.　　㈤主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：有些不及物動(dòng)詞(其主語大都指物)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)可以表示被動(dòng)意義?！　、蹦承┻B系動(dòng)詞。這些動(dòng)詞有feel, taste, smell, sound, prove等。　?、賂he coffee smells delicious. ②The story proved quite false. 　　⒉某些可與well, easily, quickly等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞?！　、賂his kind of bikes sells well. ②This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.　?、衬承┛捎糜凇爸鳎^＋主補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不及物動(dòng)詞。. The bag broke open.　?、磩?dòng)名詞在be worth doing句型中的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義?！　? ①His novels are so well worth reading that I want one. ②These stamps are worth collecting. 　?、祫?dòng)名詞在need, want, require等動(dòng)詞后，主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。need doing＝need to be done　　①The problem requires dealing with immediately. ②Her bike needed repairing.　?、秳?dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式在too…to…句型中表示被動(dòng)含義。The box is too heavy to carry.　　⒎有些形容詞后的動(dòng)詞不定式有被動(dòng)含義。這些形容詞有easy, difficult, heavy, nice, good, pleasant, important, useful, dangerous等?！　、貰ad habits are easy to contract. ②English is difficult to learn. 　　Unit4一.【精選詞匯】　?、逯攸c(diǎn)短語　　1. hold a microphone拿著麥克風(fēng)→比較：The host came on stage with a microphone in his hand.　　2. Congratulations!祝賀你！congratulations在向別人表示祝賀、祝福時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)。(p60)　　3. be chosen to be/as the host of a charity show →be chosen to be/as…被選作…　　〈知識(shí)鏈接〉be chosen to do sth被選做某事，. Hepburn was chosen to play the lead role.　　4. fundraising activities for charities為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌款的活動(dòng)，advertise on the Internet在網(wǎng)上做廣告→advertise on TV/in the newspaper/in the magazine在電視上/報(bào)紙上/雜志上做廣告，organize a charity show 組織慈善演出，sell books to raise money賣書來籌款 (p61)　　5. give out leaflets發(fā)傳單→give…out分發(fā)，動(dòng)詞＋副詞結(jié)構(gòu)，give it/them out?！　?. return to school重返學(xué)校→return ⑴回到return to＋地點(diǎn) ⑵return sth to sb把某物歸還某人　　〈知識(shí)鏈接〉⑴return to…＝go back to…回到…⑵return sth to sb＝give sth back to sb歸還… 　?、貶ong Kong returned to China in1997. ②I remembered returning the book to the library.　　7. help protect rivers and lakes in China幫助保護(hù)中國的河流和湖泊→help (to) do sth幫助做…　　8. host a charity show主持慈善演出，start working on the show開始著手演出工作 (p62)　　9. have a lot of support from local businesses得到當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)的許多支持　　〈知識(shí)鏈接〉have support from sb＝have sb’s support得到某人的支持，. have my parents’ support.　　business n.⑴企業(yè)；商行 ⑵事情①M(fèi)ind your own business.＝It’s none of your 。②on business因公；公干He has gone to Beijing on business.③business hours營業(yè)時(shí)間　　〈用法拓展〉⑴be busy with sth忙于某事 ⑵be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事(聯(lián)想記憶：因?yàn)槊Φ臅r(shí)候人在做事，所以be busy之后用動(dòng)詞的ing形式) ⑶as busy as a bee極忙碌地　　10. perform on the stage在舞臺(tái)上表演→perform v. →performer →performance 　　11. on the side door在側(cè)門上，at both sides of the stage在舞臺(tái)的兩側(cè)，in the middle of the stage在舞臺(tái)的中間，in the four corners of the school hall在學(xué)校禮堂的四個(gè)角落里 (p67)　　12. design the poster設(shè)計(jì)海報(bào)，set up the stage搭建舞臺(tái)，ask friends and families to e (p70)　　13. make a sentence造句→make a sentence with…用…造句，keep silent保持沉默，from now on從今以后(用于將來時(shí))，since then自那時(shí)起(用于完成時(shí))，day and night日日夜夜，first of all首先；最重要的是，care more about…多關(guān)注…→care more about the people in need，care only about…只關(guān)心…，care about…在乎…, 關(guān)心… (p72)　　14. make/do a speech演講→freedom of speech言論的自由 (p73)　?、嬖~匯解析　　1. 中國的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)：Project Hope希望工程，Spring Bud Project春蕾計(jì)劃，Project Green Hope綠色希望工程，Save China’s Tigers拯救中國虎　　2. TV cameras攝像機(jī)，TV station電視臺(tái)→Chinese Central Television Station＝CCTV　　3. rise ⑴vi. 上升，(太陽、月亮)升起→反義詞set，. ①The sun rises in the east and sets in the 。②The curtain rose. ⑵(水)漲高 . The river rose after the rain. ⑶(物價(jià))上漲 . Prices have risen ?！　　从梅ㄍ卣埂耽舝ise→rose→risen ；升起 ⑵raise→raised→raised ；升起，籌集　　二.【重點(diǎn)句型】　　1. Only if you sleep less during the (p60)　　〈知識(shí)鏈接〉only if…只要…就…；只有…才…　　2. There are many ways to raise money for ?！　?. A lot of work needed to be finished, so I don’t have much free time. (p62)　　〈知識(shí)鏈接〉主語是事物時(shí)，need to be done＝need doing主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。　　 Your clothes are so dirty. They need washing./They need to be washed. (SeeUnit 3語法詳解)　　4. It was my job to introduce each ?！　　粗R(shí)鏈接〉當(dāng)主語是job, duty, goal, purpose, aim, dream, wish等時(shí)，動(dòng)詞be之后用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語。. ①Her duty is to clean the street. ②His dream is to be an explorer.　　5. I couldn’t sleep at all that night because I was so excited. ‘Will it be a success?’ I kept asking myself. 　　〈知識(shí)鏈接〉⑴not…at all根本不…；一點(diǎn)也不…⑵kept doing sth反復(fù)做某事　?、莃e a success成功＝be successful，be a big/great success非常成功　　6. No time to be nervous any more. This is it! 沒有時(shí)間再緊張了。就這樣吧！　　〈知識(shí)鏈接〉(There be) no time to do 。. There’s no time to have breakfast.　　7. The fans of the pop stars were making a lot of noise, so I had to speak loudly.　　〈知識(shí)鏈接〉⑴make a lot of noise大聲吵鬧→ make a noise吵鬧；發(fā)出響聲 　?、苨peak loudly大聲說話→ read aloud朗讀(動(dòng)詞＋副詞結(jié)構(gòu))，read it/them aloud　　8. Everything seemed to happen so fast, and now it is all over.　　〈知識(shí)鏈接〉seem adj. 好像；似乎⑴seem (to be)＋形容詞＝look＋形容詞 seem (to be) happy　　 ⑵Sb seems/seemed to do sth.＝It seems/seemed that sb do sth好像/似乎某人做某事，Everything seemed to happen so fast.＝It seemed that everything happened so fast. ⑶It seems to me that sb do sth.　　9. A lot of money has been donated to Project Green Hope. →have/has been＋過去分詞　　〈知識(shí)鏈接〉donate sth to sb向…捐贈(zèng)某物→sth be donated to sb某物被捐贈(zèng)給… .　　People have donated tens of millions of yuan to Project Hope since it was founded in 1989.　　10. I hope more events like this will be organized to raise money for charity and I think more people should be invited to take part in them. →more events like this更多像這樣的活動(dòng)　　〈知識(shí)鏈接〉⑴invite sb to..→sb be invited to…應(yīng)邀到某地，invite sb to do sth→sb be