【正文】 及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①主語 + be動詞 + 其他；②主語 + 行為動詞 + 其他否定形式：①主語 + am/is/are + not + 其他；②此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don39。t，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn39。t，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：①把be動詞放于句首；②用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時還原行為動詞。二、一般過去時：概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①主語 + be動詞 + 其他；②主語 + 行為動詞 + 其他否定形式：①主語 + was/were + not + 其他；②在行為動詞前加didn39。t，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首；②用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + am/is/are + doing + 其他.否定形式：主語 + am/is/are + not + doing + 其他.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。四、過去進(jìn)行時：概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作。時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + was/were + doing + 其他.否定形式：主語 + was/were + not + doing + 其他.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。五、現(xiàn)在完成時：概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。時間狀語：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + have/has + done + 其他.否定形式：主語 + have/has + not +done + 其他.一般疑問句：have或has放于句首。六、過去完成時：概念：以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + had + done + 其他.否定形式：主語 + had + not + done + 其他.一般疑問句：had放于句首。七、一般將來時：概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①主語 + am/is/are/going to + do + 其他；②主語 + will/shall + do + 其他.否定形式：①主語 + am/ia/are + not + going to + do + 其他； ②主語 + will/shall + not + do + 其他.一般疑問句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。八、過去將來時：概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。時間狀語：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①主語 + was/were/going to + do + 其他；②主語 + would/should + do + 其他.否定形式：①主語 + was/were + not + going to + do + 其他；②主語 + would/should + not + do + 其他.一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首。幾種常見時態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換英語中的幾種時態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換，以下是幾種常見的轉(zhuǎn)換形式：一、一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在完成時中，延續(xù)性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，瞬間動詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：①瞬間動詞用于“一段時間 + ago”的一般過去時的句型中；②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞及短語，與一段時間連用；③瞬間動詞用于“It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時”的句型中，表示“自從……以來有……時間”的意思，主句一般用it is來代替It has been。④瞬間動詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過去時”的句型中。請看：A. He joined the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League for two years.C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的轉(zhuǎn)換在一般現(xiàn)在時中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學(xué)、上課）等。此短語可與進(jìn)行時態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時與一般將來時的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)中g(shù)o, e, leave,start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動作。如：I am ing, Mum! 意為“我就來，媽媽！”請看：The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.四、“be going to+動詞原形”與“will(shall)+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換“be going to+動詞原形”、表示打算、計劃要做的事；將來時“will(shall)+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語中，當(dāng)主語為第一人稱時，常用助動詞shall。在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will。請看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.初中英語教學(xué)設(shè)計Teaching Aims and Demands: knowledge:Key vocabulary: dining, hall, gym, science, lab, in front of, next, behind, any, one, buildingKey structure: there be…2. Reading skill:(1). Get information about the library in reading.(2). Improve the students’ reading ability.Teaching Aids: MultiMedia (or Tape recorder, OHP)Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Warmingup 教師事先藏好自己的幾樣?xùn)|西，上課時假裝找不到（注意這時教師要使用豐富的體態(tài)語言和臉部表情，讓學(xué)生感覺到這是真實的），這樣就自然地呈現(xiàn)了新的句型：Where is….? It’s on / on / in / in front of / behind / next to…Where are …? They’re on / in / in front of / behind / next to…設(shè)計意圖：通過設(shè)置讓學(xué)生幫老師找東西這樣一個真實的場景來導(dǎo)入新課，能夠立刻調(diào)動起學(xué)生的參與性，啟動學(xué)習(xí)的發(fā)生。1. Show the students a picture of a room with a few things in it, and have them guess the places of the others. (Activity 1)呈現(xiàn)幾張圖，如classroom, science lab, dining hall, gym等，讓學(xué)生小組競賽猜測物品的名稱及位置(同時把新單詞science lab, dining hall, gym通過圖片過掉) T: This is a picture of a dining hall. S1: Are there any dishes in it? T: Yes, there are. Where are they? S2: I think they’re on the table. 2. Pair work. Work in pairs and finish the exercise in Activity 3.設(shè)計意圖：學(xué)生非常喜歡情景猜測這種游戲。這可以調(diào)動他們各方面的情緒，激活他們已有的知識水平。Step 2Who is who? 1. Read about Picture A in Activity 2. 2. Answer the questions according to Picture B.3. Have 4 students stand in front of the class, and get them to talk about their places one by one.4. Game: Describe one of the students in the class, have the others guess who it is.設(shè)計意圖：在使用好課程的核心資源――教材的同時，充分挖掘?qū)W生自身的資源，使課堂教學(xué)充滿活力。Step 3 Memory Challenge　　Watch the video. The students watch a clip of the video about the classroom for a few minutes. Have a petition. Have the students make and answer questions each other. 讓學(xué)生看一段錄像，如房間或教室，記住物品及位置。學(xué)生小組展開問答競賽。無論問者還是答者只要正確都能得分。設(shè)計意圖：通過觀看錄像來調(diào)動他們視覺、聽覺和記憶力來參與語言活動。同時，小組之間的競賽體現(xiàn)了協(xié)作和團(tuán)隊精神。Step 4 Make a survey1. Finish the form by the students themselves. My primary schoolThingsNumbersPlaces2. Interview one of your classmates and fill in the form.Is there a/ an … in your primary school?Are there any … in your primary school?Where is / are…? My classmate _______’s primary schoolThingsNumbersPlaces設(shè)計意圖：從談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在的學(xué)校到談?wù)撍麄冞^去的學(xué)校, 始終圍繞目標(biāo)語開展活動，既“鞏固新知”，又體現(xiàn)了“關(guān)注學(xué)生過去，現(xiàn)在與未來的生活”的語言活動的設(shè)計原則。Step 5Homework 1. Writing: Write a report for the survey.2. Wb. Ex 13.設(shè)計意圖：以Step 4中完成的采訪為基礎(chǔ)，在同學(xué)與自己的小學(xué)的對比中，對本單元物品、數(shù)詞、方位詞的運用進(jìn)行鞏固