【正文】 ，新一代城域光傳送技術，[10]張繼軍，陶智勇，包立明，王進著，北京郵電大學出版社，彈性分組環(huán)，[11]傅海陽，趙品勇著，人民郵電出版社，電信新技術實用叢書，[12]王健全，萬春，張杰，顧畹儀，沈文粹著，機械工業(yè)出版社，城域MSTP技術，[13]ITUT Remendation node interface for the SDH. 1996[14]ITUT Remendation and general characteristics of SDH. [15]ITUT Remendation and characteristics of SDH network protection architecture. 1998[16] Rajiv Ramaswami, Kumar ，樂孜純 譯. 光網絡 下卷 組網技術分析. 機械工業(yè)出版社，附錄1Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP的詳細參數(shù)概況簡介ONS15454 SDH多業(yè)務傳輸平臺 (MSTP或MSPP)在一個單一的機箱中集成了DXC和ADM的功能，并且可以提供多種速率、多種業(yè)務類型的接口，因此建網使用的設備其數(shù)量只有傳統(tǒng)方式的三分之一甚至更少。網絡建設和業(yè)務開通的周期大大縮短，相當于運營商的收入也增加了。對于設計緊湊、模塊化結構并且具備Cisco特有的簡單易用、圖形化點擊方式的AZ電路配置 (AZ provisioning) 能力的ONS15454 SDH MSTP，用戶可以在一個工作日內完成設備的安裝和電路的配置，而對傳統(tǒng)的SDH設備而言，這一過程可能需要花費數(shù)個星期。功能描述ONS15454 SDH MSTP的創(chuàng)新設計可以提供非常高的功能集成。不像傳統(tǒng)的ADM需要使用獨立的DXC連接多個點，ONS15454 SDH MSTP同時具備DXC和ADM的功能，電信號和光信號之間的轉換在一個機箱中完成而無需多個分離的網絡設備，極大地簡化了光傳輸網絡的設計和實施，也大大降低了網絡建設成本、占用的機房空間和消耗的電量。集成了多個SDH復用器、光網絡和數(shù)據(jù)網絡設備功能并且易于使用的ONS15454 SDH MSTP能支持各種網絡拓撲：點到點，線性分插，環(huán)形，網狀。對外提供的業(yè)務接口類型也多種多樣：傳統(tǒng)的TDM 接口(EEDS3)，數(shù)據(jù)接口 (10/100/1000M 以太網)，光接口 (STMSTMSTM1STM64)，以及密集波分復用 (DWDM) 接口。選擇不同類型的接口卡即可滿足不同帶寬、不同業(yè)務的光網絡需求。 擁有無阻塞交叉連接容量 (支持VC4Xc、VC12/3Xc交叉) 和數(shù)據(jù)交換功能的ONS15454 SDH MSTP也可以用作分布式的帶寬管理。使用電信級的ONS15454，運營者可以在一個機箱上終結多個環(huán)形或線形系統(tǒng)；混用多種業(yè)務接口的板卡可以在統(tǒng)一的平臺上傳輸數(shù)據(jù)、語音和視頻，在單一的機箱中支持無與倫比的高階帶寬管理。ONS15454 SDH MSTP通過把多種業(yè)務封裝在波長中來最大化業(yè)務密度，可以讓服務提供商快速增加新的業(yè)務并有效運營，贏得新的市場。特征與優(yōu)勢前所未有的傳輸靈活性通過和今天的SDH網絡的無縫配合，并根據(jù)客戶的需求加入了其它類型的光傳輸業(yè)務，Cisco ONS15454 SDH MSTP 將目前呆板的傳統(tǒng)TDM傳輸網變成了未來靈活的對數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務敏感的高速傳輸平臺。在一個平臺上同時提供PDH/SDH、以太網和DWDM業(yè)務，ONS15454 SDH MSTP給服務提供商提供了多種多樣的光傳輸選項和理論上無限制的帶寬擴展能力。以太網傳輸能力Cisco ONS15454 SDH MSTP允許多條以太網電路共享網絡端帶寬，可以有效地利用傳輸帶寬。板卡上用戶端的I/O端口如10/100BASET或千兆端口GE，可以單獨或成組地和網絡端的帶寬相鏈接，并以VCVC42c/4c/8c為單位。利用IEEE VLAN，多個以太網端口或電路可以邏輯上匯聚在一起但仍保持用戶數(shù)據(jù)間的分離。高優(yōu)先級、實時的業(yè)務可以使用IEEE 。并利用內置在以太網卡上的IOS技術，實現(xiàn)對以太網端口實現(xiàn)基于1Mbps為步長的帶寬流量管理。使用ONS15454 SDH MSTP上面的4口GE卡，即G10004，運營商現(xiàn)在可以靈活地傳輸千兆以太網業(yè)務，而無需建造重疊的網絡或重新設計已有的SDH網絡。板卡上用戶端的GE口可以單個地或成組地和網絡端的帶寬鏈接，按照VC4/2c/3c/4c/8c/16c步長遞增。同時ONS15454平臺上的以太網卡不僅支持一層透明傳輸、二層交換功能，還支持三層路由功能。ONS15454的以太網解決方案為運營商建造傳輸網絡時提供了巨大的靈活性：既支持傳統(tǒng)的基于TDM的業(yè)務，又能有效傳輸數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務。附錄附錄2表1 所需要的業(yè)務端口類型和數(shù)據(jù)地區(qū)站點局號端口需求STM64（群路）STM16STM1GbEA區(qū)10111124821021112482103223201042032010520320106203201072032010820320B區(qū)20191048120291032120322320204223202052232020622320C區(qū)301141848130214184813032232030422320305223203062232030722320 37 表2 X市某運營商原城域網各個站點業(yè)務統(tǒng)計（ VC4）10110210310410510610710820120220320420520630130230330430530630710113102205710331101043202121052121901060851101071711100108021211012013819211165202316222111316220301912010911020401010001140020501010000155100206010100011110140301419131217885111703025131921111881113252865303041131112121113400304171221110110111715700305021111110111431101130601010101000013311010307000000000001111010200g an employment tribunal claiEmployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you don39。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。tappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to yoIf you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as adamagesbased agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can39。t charge you more than 35% of your pensation if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damagesbased agreement, you should make sure you39。re clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including thos