【正文】 ，新一代城域光傳送技術(shù)，[10]張繼軍，陶智勇，包立明，王進(jìn)著，北京郵電大學(xué)出版社，彈性分組環(huán)，[11]傅海陽(yáng)，趙品勇著，人民郵電出版社，電信新技術(shù)實(shí)用叢書(shū)，[12]王健全，萬(wàn)春，張杰，顧畹儀，沈文粹著，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，城域MSTP技術(shù)，[13]ITUT Remendation node interface for the SDH. 1996[14]ITUT Remendation and general characteristics of SDH. [15]ITUT Remendation and characteristics of SDH network protection architecture. 1998[16] Rajiv Ramaswami, Kumar ，樂(lè)孜純 譯. 光網(wǎng)絡(luò) 下卷 組網(wǎng)技術(shù)分析. 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，附錄1Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP的詳細(xì)參數(shù)概況簡(jiǎn)介ONS15454 SDH多業(yè)務(wù)傳輸平臺(tái) (MSTP或MSPP)在一個(gè)單一的機(jī)箱中集成了DXC和ADM的功能，并且可以提供多種速率、多種業(yè)務(wù)類(lèi)型的接口，因此建網(wǎng)使用的設(shè)備其數(shù)量只有傳統(tǒng)方式的三分之一甚至更少。網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)和業(yè)務(wù)開(kāi)通的周期大大縮短，相當(dāng)于運(yùn)營(yíng)商的收入也增加了。對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)緊湊、模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)并且具備Cisco特有的簡(jiǎn)單易用、圖形化點(diǎn)擊方式的AZ電路配置 (AZ provisioning) 能力的ONS15454 SDH MSTP，用戶(hù)可以在一個(gè)工作日內(nèi)完成設(shè)備的安裝和電路的配置，而對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的SDH設(shè)備而言，這一過(guò)程可能需要花費(fèi)數(shù)個(gè)星期。功能描述ONS15454 SDH MSTP的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)可以提供非常高的功能集成。不像傳統(tǒng)的ADM需要使用獨(dú)立的DXC連接多個(gè)點(diǎn)，ONS15454 SDH MSTP同時(shí)具備DXC和ADM的功能，電信號(hào)和光信號(hào)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換在一個(gè)機(jī)箱中完成而無(wú)需多個(gè)分離的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備，極大地簡(jiǎn)化了光傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施，也大大降低了網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)成本、占用的機(jī)房空間和消耗的電量。集成了多個(gè)SDH復(fù)用器、光網(wǎng)絡(luò)和數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備功能并且易于使用的ONS15454 SDH MSTP能支持各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)洌狐c(diǎn)到點(diǎn)，線(xiàn)性分插，環(huán)形，網(wǎng)狀。對(duì)外提供的業(yè)務(wù)接口類(lèi)型也多種多樣：傳統(tǒng)的TDM 接口(EEDS3)，數(shù)據(jù)接口 (10/100/1000M 以太網(wǎng))，光接口 (STMSTMSTM1STM64)，以及密集波分復(fù)用 (DWDM) 接口。選擇不同類(lèi)型的接口卡即可滿(mǎn)足不同帶寬、不同業(yè)務(wù)的光網(wǎng)絡(luò)需求。 擁有無(wú)阻塞交叉連接容量 (支持VC4Xc、VC12/3Xc交叉) 和數(shù)據(jù)交換功能的ONS15454 SDH MSTP也可以用作分布式的帶寬管理。使用電信級(jí)的ONS15454，運(yùn)營(yíng)者可以在一個(gè)機(jī)箱上終結(jié)多個(gè)環(huán)形或線(xiàn)形系統(tǒng)；混用多種業(yè)務(wù)接口的板卡可以在統(tǒng)一的平臺(tái)上傳輸數(shù)據(jù)、語(yǔ)音和視頻，在單一的機(jī)箱中支持無(wú)與倫比的高階帶寬管理。ONS15454 SDH MSTP通過(guò)把多種業(yè)務(wù)封裝在波長(zhǎng)中來(lái)最大化業(yè)務(wù)密度，可以讓服務(wù)提供商快速增加新的業(yè)務(wù)并有效運(yùn)營(yíng)，贏得新的市場(chǎng)。特征與優(yōu)勢(shì)前所未有的傳輸靈活性通過(guò)和今天的SDH網(wǎng)絡(luò)的無(wú)縫配合，并根據(jù)客戶(hù)的需求加入了其它類(lèi)型的光傳輸業(yè)務(wù)，Cisco ONS15454 SDH MSTP 將目前呆板的傳統(tǒng)TDM傳輸網(wǎng)變成了未來(lái)靈活的對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)敏感的高速傳輸平臺(tái)。在一個(gè)平臺(tái)上同時(shí)提供PDH/SDH、以太網(wǎng)和DWDM業(yè)務(wù)，ONS15454 SDH MSTP給服務(wù)提供商提供了多種多樣的光傳輸選項(xiàng)和理論上無(wú)限制的帶寬擴(kuò)展能力。以太網(wǎng)傳輸能力Cisco ONS15454 SDH MSTP允許多條以太網(wǎng)電路共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)端帶寬，可以有效地利用傳輸帶寬。板卡上用戶(hù)端的I/O端口如10/100BASET或千兆端口GE，可以單獨(dú)或成組地和網(wǎng)絡(luò)端的帶寬相鏈接，并以VCVC42c/4c/8c為單位。利用IEEE VLAN，多個(gè)以太網(wǎng)端口或電路可以邏輯上匯聚在一起但仍保持用戶(hù)數(shù)據(jù)間的分離。高優(yōu)先級(jí)、實(shí)時(shí)的業(yè)務(wù)可以使用IEEE 。并利用內(nèi)置在以太網(wǎng)卡上的IOS技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)以太網(wǎng)端口實(shí)現(xiàn)基于1Mbps為步長(zhǎng)的帶寬流量管理。使用ONS15454 SDH MSTP上面的4口GE卡，即G10004，運(yùn)營(yíng)商現(xiàn)在可以靈活地傳輸千兆以太網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)，而無(wú)需建造重疊的網(wǎng)絡(luò)或重新設(shè)計(jì)已有的SDH網(wǎng)絡(luò)。板卡上用戶(hù)端的GE口可以單個(gè)地或成組地和網(wǎng)絡(luò)端的帶寬鏈接，按照VC4/2c/3c/4c/8c/16c步長(zhǎng)遞增。同時(shí)ONS15454平臺(tái)上的以太網(wǎng)卡不僅支持一層透明傳輸、二層交換功能，還支持三層路由功能。ONS15454的以太網(wǎng)解決方案為運(yùn)營(yíng)商建造傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)提供了巨大的靈活性：既支持傳統(tǒng)的基于TDM的業(yè)務(wù)，又能有效傳輸數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)。附錄附錄2表1 所需要的業(yè)務(wù)端口類(lèi)型和數(shù)據(jù)地區(qū)站點(diǎn)局號(hào)端口需求STM64（群路）STM16STM1GbEA區(qū)10111124821021112482103223201042032010520320106203201072032010820320B區(qū)20191048120291032120322320204223202052232020622320C區(qū)301141848130214184813032232030422320305223203062232030722320 37 表2 X市某運(yùn)營(yíng)商原城域網(wǎng)各個(gè)站點(diǎn)業(yè)務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)（ VC4）10110210310410510610710820120220320420520630130230330430530630710113102205710331101043202121052121901060851101071711100108021211012013819211165202316222111316220301912010911020401010001140020501010000155100206010100011110140301419131217885111703025131921111881113252865303041131112121113400304171221110110111715700305021111110111431101130601010101000013311010307000000000001111010200g an employment tribunal claiEmployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you don39。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFurther help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underFurther help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。tappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to yoIf you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as adamagesbased agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can39。t charge you more than 35% of your pensation if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a damagesbased agreement, you should make sure you39。re clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including thos