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【正文】 C++ – delegates, interfaces, no multiple inheritance 158 Related OOP Languages ? Eiffel (designed by Bertrand Meyer 1992) – Not directly derived from any other language – Smaller and simpler than C++, but still has most of the power – Lacked popularity of C++ because many C++ enthusiasts were already C programmers ? Delphi (Borland) – Pascal plus features to support OOP – More elegant and safer than C++ 159 An ImperativeBased ObjectOriented Language: Java ? Developed at Sun in the early 1990s – C and C++ were not satisfactory for embedded electronic devices ? Based on C++ – Significantly simplified (does not include struct, union, enum, pointer arithmetic, and half of the assignment coercions of C++) – Supports only OOP – Has references, but not pointers – Includes support for applets and a form of concurrency 160 Java Evaluation ? Eliminated many unsafe features of C++ ? Supports concurrency ? Libraries for applets, GUIs, database access ? Portable: Java Virtual Machine concept, JIT pilers ? Widely used for Web programming ? Use increased faster than any previous language 161 Scripting Languages for the Web ? Perl – Designed by Larry Wall—first released in 1987 – Variables are statically typed but implicitly declared – Three distinctive namespaces, denoted by the first character of a variable’s name – Powerful, but somewhat dangerous – Gained widespread use for CGI programming on the Web – Also used for a replacement for UNIX system administration language ? JavaScript – Began at Netscape, but later became a joint venture of Netscape and Sun Microsystems – A clientside HTMLembedded scripting language, often used to create dynamic HTML documents – Purely interpreted – Related to Java only through similar syntax ? PHP – PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, designed by Rasmus Lerdorf – A serverside HTMLembedded scripting language, often used for form processing and database access through the Web – Purely interpreted Scripting Languages for the Web ? Python – An OO interpreted scripting language – Type checked but dynamically typed – Used for CGI programming and form processing – Dynamically typed, but type checked – Supports lists, tuples, and hashes ? Lua – An OO interpreted scripting language – Type checked but dynamically typed – Used for CGI programming and form processing – Dynamically typed, but type checked – Supports lists, tuples, and hashes, all with its single data structure, the table – Easily extendable 162 163 Scripting Languages for the Web ? Ruby – Designed in Japan by Yukihiro Matsumoto (, ―Matz‖) – Began as a replacement for Perl and Python – A pure objectoriented scripting language All data are objects – Most operators are implemented as methods, which can be redefined by user code – Purely interpreted 164 A CBased Language for the New Millennium: C ? Part of the .NET development platform (2022) ? Based on C++ , Java, and Delphi ? Provides a language for ponentbased software development ? All .NET languages use Common Type System (CTS), which provides a mon class library 165 Markup/Programming Hybrid Languages ? XSLT – eXtensible Markup Language (XML): a metamarkup language – eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSTL) transforms XML documents for display – Programming constructs (., looping) ? JSP – Java Server Pages: a collection of technologies to support dynamic Web documents – servlet: a Java program that resides on a Web server and is enacted when called by a requested HTML document。 a servlet’s output is displayed by the browser – JSTL includes programming constructs in the form of HTML elements 166 Summary ? Development, development environment, and evaluation of a number of important programming languages ? Perspective into current issues in language desig
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