【正文】 automatic control system Free sewage culvert clear guarantee robot, the robot is designed to clear the culvert sewage to the core. Control System is the core ponent of the development of ultrasonic range finder. Therefore, it is very important to design a good ultrasonic range finder. 2 A principle of ultrasonic distance measurement The principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic generator Piezoelectric ultrasonic generator is the use of piezoelectric crystal resonators to work. Ultrasonic generator, the internal structure as shown, it has two piezoelectric chip and a resonance plate. When it39。s two plus pulse signal, the frequency equal to the intrinsic piezoelectric oscillation frequency chip, the chip will happen piezoelectric resonance, and promote the development of plate vibration resonance, ultrasound is generated. Conversely, if the two are not interelectrode voltage, when the board received ultrasonic resonance, it will be for vibration suppression of piezoelectric chip, the mechanical energy is converted to electrical signals, then it bees the ultrasonic receiver. The traditional way to determine the moment of the echo39。s arrival is based on thresholding the received signal with a fixed reference. The threshold is chosen well above the noise level, whereas the moment of arrival of an echo is defined as the first moment the echo signal surpasses that threshold. The intensity of an echo reflecting from an object strongly depends on the object39。s nature, size and distance from the sensor. Further, the time interval from the echo39。s starting point to the moment when it surpasses the threshold changes with the intensity of the echo. As a consequence, a considerable error may occur Even two echoes with different intensities arriving exactly at the same time will surpass the threshold at different moments. The stronger one will surpass the threshold earlier than the weaker, so it will be considered as belonging to a nearer object. principle of ultrasonic distance measurement Ultrasonic transmitter in a direction to launch ultrasound, in the moment to launch the beginning of time at the same time, the spread of ultrasound in the air, obstacles on his way to return immediately, the ultrasonic reflected wave received by the receiver immediately stop the clock. Ultrasound in the air as the propagation velocity of 340m / s, according to the timer records the time t, we can calculate the distance between the launch distance barrier (s), that is: s = 340t / 2 3 Ultrasonic Ranging System for the Second Circuit Design System is characterized by singlechip microputer to control the use of ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver since the launch from time to time, singlechip selection of 8751, economictouse, and the chip has 4K of ROM, to facilitate programming. Circuit schematic diagram shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 circuit principle diagram 40 kHz ultrasonic pulse generated with the launch Ranging system using the ultrasonic sensor of piezoelectric ceramic sensors UCM40, its operating voltage of the pulse signal is 40kHz, which by the singlechip implementation of the following procedures to generate. puzel: mov 14h, 12h。 ultrasonic firing continued 200ms here: cpl 。 output 40kHz square wave nop。 nop。 nop。 djnz 14h, here。 ret Ranging in front of singlechip termination circuit input port, single chip implementation of the above procedure, the port in a 40kHz pulse output signal, after amplification transistor T, the drive to launch the first ultrasonic UCM40T, issued 40kHz ultrasonic pulse, and the continued launch of 200ms. Ranging the right and the left side of the circuit, respectively, then input port and , the working principle and circuit in front of the same location. Reception and processing of ultrasonic Used to receive the first launch of the first pair UCM40R, the ultrasonic pulse modulation signal into an alternating voltage, the opamp amplification IC1A and after polarization IC1B to IC2. IC2 is locked loop with audio decoder chip LM567, internal voltagecontrolled oscillator center frequency of f0 = 1/, capacitor C4 determine their target bandwidth. R8conditioning in the launch of the carrier frequency on the LM567 input signal is greater than 25mV, the output from the high jump 8 feet into a lowlevel, as interrupt request signals to the singlechip processing. Ranging in front of singlechip termination circuit output port INT0 interrupt the highest priority, right or left location of the output circuit with output gate IC3A access INT1 port singlechip, while singlechip and P1. 4 received input IC3A, interrupted by the process to identify the source of inquiry to deal with, interrupt priority level for the first left right after. Part of the source code is as follows: receive1: push psw push acc clr ex1。 related external interrupt 1 jnb , right。 pin to 0, ranging from right to interrupt service routine circuit jnb , left。 pin to 0, to the left ranging circuit interrupt service routine return: SETB EX1。 open external interrupt 1 pop acc pop psw reti right: ...。 right location entrance circuit interrupt service routine Ajmp Return left: ...。 left Ranging entrance circuit interrupt service routine Ajmp Return The calculation of ultrasonic propagation time When you start firing at the same time start the singlechip circuitry within the timer T0, the use of timer counting function records the time and the launch of ultrasonic reflected wave received time. When you receive the ultrasonic reflected wave, the receiver circuit outputs a negative jump in the end of I