【導讀】自然狀態(tài)下的土，經(jīng)開挖后，其體積因松散而增加，以后雖回填壓實，但仍不能恢復原來的體積。坡度的邊坡，即土方邊坡。力作用產(chǎn)生的拉力，維護支戶結構的穩(wěn)定。的C20混凝土使土體鋼筋與噴射混凝土面板結合一體的穩(wěn)定性，這種深基坑的支戶結構稱為土釘支戶。是流砂產(chǎn)生的重要條件，流動中的地下水對土顆粒產(chǎn)生的壓力稱為動水壓力。的浮力而且受動水壓力的作用，有向上舉的趨勢。當動水壓力等于或大于土的浸水密度時，土顆粒處于懸浮狀，并隨地下水一起流入基坑即發(fā)生流砂現(xiàn)象。在壓實機械和壓實遍數(shù)相同的條件下，使填土壓實獲得最大密度時的土的含水量，稱為土的最優(yōu)含水量。其一般根據(jù)工程結構性質(zhì)，使用要求以及土的性質(zhì)確。2．流砂的防治途徑主要是減小或平衡動水壓力或改變動水壓力的方向。6·流砂現(xiàn)象最容易發(fā)生在黏土中。即塌方事故，不僅防礙土方工程施工造成人員傷亡事故，還會危及附近建筑物，道路及地下管線的安

　　

【正文】 后，拔出楔塊，將杯口內(nèi)灌滿細石混凝土。 5．單層工業(yè)廠房結構吊裝方法有哪幾種 ?采用履帶式起重機進行吊裝時，應選用哪一種方 法 ?為什么 ? 答：分件吊裝法和綜合吊裝法。 選用分件吊裝法。以為能夠充分發(fā)揮履帶式起重機工作性能。吊裝速度快，生產(chǎn)效率高。 6．簡述吊車梁平面位置校正的內(nèi)容和方法。 答：內(nèi)容：檢查吊車梁的縱軸線度和跨距是否符合要求 方法：通線法，平移軸線法。 7．簡述第一榀屋架的臨時固定方法 ? 答：用 4 根攬風繩從兩邊拉牢，若先吊 裝抗風柱可將屋架與抗風柱連接。 8．瀝青瑪碲酯中的填充料起什么作用 ? 答：起增強瀝青瑪蹄脂的抗老化能力，改善其耐熱度柔韌性和黏結力并節(jié)省石油瀝青的用量。 9．瀝青瑪碲酯的標號如何選定 ? 答：應按使用條件，屋面坡度和當?shù)貧v年極端最高氣溫。 10．瀝青卷材屋面防水工程的施工為什么不宜安排在雨天進行 ? 答：應保證基層平整干燥，隔氣層完好，避免在雨、露、霜天施工，以保證材料干燥。 屋面防水工程施工量高空、高溫作業(yè)同時也含有一定有毒物質(zhì)且易燃等事故，所以遇有大風和雨天應停止施工。 11．簡述卷材防水屋面隔汽層的作 用和做法。 答：作用：防止室內(nèi)水汽滲入保溫層。 做法：刷冷底子油一道或鋪設一氈二油卷材。 12．卷材防水屋面常見的質(zhì)量 “ 通病 ” 有哪些 ? 答： 1 卷材防水層開裂 2 瀝青流淌 3 卷材防水層起鼓 13．中級抹灰分幾層 ?各層作用是什么 ? 答：分三層，底層，中層，面層 底層起粘結作用，中層起找平作用，面層起裝飾作用。 專業(yè)好文檔 14．簡述內(nèi)墻一般抹灰的施工工藝。 答：基體表面處理→澆水潤濕→設置標筋→陽腳做護角→抹底層、中層灰→窗臺板踢腳板或墻裙→抹面層灰→清理 15．簡述外墻一般抹灰的施工工藝。 答：基體表 面處理→澆水潤墻→設置標筋→抹底層中層灰→彈分格線、嵌分格條→抹面層灰→起分格條→養(yǎng)護 七、計算題 1．跨度 18m 的鋼筋混凝土屋架，重 45kN，安裝到標高 +14． 50m 處的柱頂，頂面標高 +0． 7m．屋 架的綁扎方法如圖所示，試確定起重機的起重量和起重高度。 解：起重量 Q=45+20=47KN 起重高度 H=()+3+2+= 2．鋼筋混凝土柱重 60kN，柱長 6m,安裝到標高 +6． 0m的框架柱上，吊鉤中心踞柱頂 2m，采 用 Wl100型履帶式起重機，停機 面標高 0． 50m，確定起重機的起重量和起重高度 ? 答 起重量 Q=60+2=62KN 起重高度： H=6+++6+2= 3 某單層工業(yè)廠房的跨度 24 m，柱距 6 m，天窗架頂面標高為 +18． 00 m，屋面板厚 0． 24 m． 現(xiàn)用履帶式起重機安裝屋面板，其停機面 0． 20 m，起重臂底鉸距地面的高度 E=2． 1 m，試分別用數(shù)解法和圖解法確定起重機的最小臂長。 答：數(shù)法： Lmin ≥ V1+V2=h/sina+(f+g)/cosα h=18+= f=3m g=1m α = sina= cosα = Lmin=+4/=+=35m 作圖法： 第一步 ： 控一定比例尺寸畫出廠房一個接點的縱剖面圖，并畫出起重機吊裝屋面板時起重鉤位置處垂線 yy 畫平行于停機面的水平線 HH 測防線停機面的距離為 E= 為起重臂下鉸點至停機面距離 第二步：在垂線 yy 上定出起重臂上 定滑輪中心點 ACA 點距停機面的距離為 H+D D 為吊鉤定滑輪中心的最小距離，不同型號的起重機數(shù)值不同，一般為 — 第三步：自屋架頂面向起重機方向水平量出一距離， g=1 米，定出一點 p 第四步：連接 AP，其延長線與 HH相交于一點 B。 AB 為最小臂長用比例尺量出 AB 之間的距離即為起重機最小臂長 Lmin AB 與 HH 的夾角即為起重臂的仰角。 專業(yè)好文檔 If we don39。t do that it will go on and go on. We have to stop it。 we need the courage to do it. His ments came hours after Fifa vicepresident Jeffrey Webb also in London for the FA39。s celebrations said he wanted to meet Ivory Coast international Toure to discuss his plaint. CSKA general director Roman Babaev says the matter has been exaggerated by the Ivorian and the British media. Blatter, 77, said: It has been decided by the Fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. You can always find money from somebody to pay them. It is a nonsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. It is all nonsense. We can do something better to fight racism and discrimination. This is one of the villains we have today in our game. But it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimination can be washed out of football. The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islandsbased Webb, the head of Fifa39。s antiracism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association39。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me it39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racist behaviour of their fans during City39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。s governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee39。s actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。s plaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda. The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day today weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest ( miles/ kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of mercial airliners ( miles/ kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( 專業(yè)好文檔 Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform. Below, the Earth bees the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he39。ll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jump When he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound 690 mph (1,110 kph) in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him pletely. If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it39。s not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270squarefoot (25squaremeter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters). In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds. Even if everything goes as planned, it won39。t. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters). cause there