【正文】 若無德，則雖體魄，治理發(fā)達，適足助其為惡，無益也。美育則是美感教育，就是應用美學之理論于教育，以陶養(yǎng) 感情為目的者也。 嚴復和蔡元培對當今教育的啟發(fā)： 把體育放在各育之首； 課程設置和內(nèi)容選擇上給今天的教學指引方向； 重視德育，教書育人； 四育相互依存，相互促進，又相互制約。 近代中國教育家論教學原則和方法，是怎樣突出學生的主體作用的？ 答：蔡元培強調(diào)教育必須“于兒童地位體驗之，以定教育之方法”，批判舊教育不問兒童“性質(zhì)之動靜、資稟之銳鈍”都一個標準，一樣的要求，對于學生他提倡自動、自學、自己研究的方法， 從學生的不同特點出發(fā)，因材施教。 陶行知針對 傳統(tǒng)教學以教師傳授為主，忽視學生學習能動性的弊病，提出以教學法取代以往教授法的提法，反對注入式的“先生講，學生聽”，強調(diào)教為學服務，教的法子要根據(jù)于學的法子，學生怎樣學就必須怎樣教，學得快，教得快，學得多，教得多，學得慢，教得慢。 陳鶴琴的活教育是以兒童本位論為主導的，致力于讓兒童在活動中去發(fā)現(xiàn)，去認知，去體驗，發(fā)揮主動性和創(chuàng)造力，掌握科學方法。但教師的引導是關鍵。 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s 72hour visafree policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a threeday visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists and raises the city39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, China39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldes t functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting pany in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the city39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2021. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been w idely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three w eeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They w ill show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, w hich w ill strengthen China39。s cooperation w ith Central Asian countries, a senior official said. Shaanxi Governor Lou Qinjian said the province is fresh, rich and unique, as it was when it anchored one end of the ancient Silk Road. It is the best option for acmodating industrial transfers from East China or the w orld at large, he said on Wednesday in Xi39。an. Lou held a joint interview with 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media A long the Silk Road. The interviews will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as well as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in Xi39。an, the starting point of the ancient Silk Road, a trade channel established more than 2,000 years ago linking China, Central Asia and Europe.