【導讀】aliterarygenre. dailylanguage(justonedimension):mere. Tiger!Tiger!Burningbright. Andwhatshoulder,andwhatart,possiblewords.form.notrhymed).appearance.Andhencenoforce,howevergreat,Candrawacord,howeverfine,Beholdme,forIcannotsleep,Poetryisbeautiful. soundugly.weary,tapping,Onlythis,andnothingmore.'floor.

　　

【正文】 apter IV Poetry major Renaissance odists Andrew Marvell Chapter IV Poetry major Renaissance odists Edmund Spenser‘s ―Epithalamion‖/? epi??39。 leimi?n/ （獻給新郎新娘的新婚喜歌或頌詩） is among the best Epithalamion (1st stanza) Edmund Spenser, 1597 Ye learned sisters, which have oftentimes Beene to me ayding, others to adorne, Whom ye thought worthy for your gracefull rymes, That even the greatest did not greatly scorne To heare theyr names sung in your simple layes, But joyed in theyr praise。 And when ye list your owne mishaps to mourne, Which death, or love, or fortunes wreck did rayse, Your string could soone to sadder tenor turne, And teach the woods and waters to lament Your doleful dreriment: Now lay those sorrowfull plaints aside, And having all your heads with girland crownd, Helpe me mine owne loves prayses to resound。 Ne let the same of any be envide: So Orpheus did for his owne bride: So I unto my selfe alone will sing。 The woods shall to me answer, and my eccho ring. Chapter IV Poetry ? with the deep influence of Abraham Cowley, the modern ode form tended to be freer in form and subject matter than classical ode. ? experienced a decline in the Victorian times but revived in the 20th century Abraham Cowley Chapter IV Poetry ? es from a Greek word meaning ―lament‖ /l?`ment/ ? there are two types of elegies 1) originally, in classical Greek and Roman poetry, elegies were written in distichs（自成一段的兩行詩） or couplets (in hexameter /hek`s230。mit?/ and pentameter couplets). They are distinguished from other types of poetry by their metrical form rather than by their subject matters. Kinds of Poetry7. Elegy Chapter IV Poetry 2). Since 16th century, elegies have e to be associated mainly with lamentation and death, and posed no set metrical form. Subject matters began to play a crucial role in defining an elegy. Elegies from then on are invariably melancholy. Kinds of Poetry7. Elegy Chapter IV Poetry ? a subtype of elegy: pastoral elegy that originated in Greek and Sicilian poetry in the third and second centuries BC. Characteristics: 1) The setting is pastoral. The poet and the person he mourns are depicted as shepherds. 2) The poem begins by appealing to the Muses and refers to various mythological figures in its progression. 3) Nature takes part in the mourning, more or less. 4) The poet asks the guardians of the dead where they were when death came. Chapter IV Poetry 5) The poem describes the procession of mourners. 6) The poem describes the decoration of the bier in a flowery passage 7) The poem reflects on divine justice and evils of the day 8) In the end the poem shows hope and joy, expressing the idea that death is the beginning of life. John Milton‘s ―Lycidas‖ and Shelley‘s ―Adonais‖ /?`d?unis/（美少年，美男子） can be cited as examples of the pastoral elegy Lycidas By John Milton‘s Last came, and last did go, The Pilot of the Galilean lake, Two massy Keyes he bore of metals twain, (The Golden opes, the Iron shuts amain) He shook his Miter39。d locks, and stern bespake, How well could I have spar39。d for thee young swain, Anow of such as for their bellies sake, Creep and intrude, and climb into the fold? Of other care they little reck39。ning make, Then how to scramble at the shearers feast, And shove away the worthy bidden guest. Blind mouthes! that scarce themselves know how to hold A Sheephook, or have learn39。d ought els the least That to the faithfull Herdmans art belongs! What recks it them? What need they? They are sped。 And when they list, their lean and flashy songs Grate on their scrannel Pipes of wretched straw, The hungry Sheep look up, and are not fed, But swoln with wind, and the rank mist they draw, Rot inwardly, and foul contagion spread: Besides what the grim Woolf with privy paw Daily devours apace, and nothing sed, But that twohanded engine at the door, Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more. Adonais by Percy Bysshe Shelley I I weep for Adonaishe is dead! Oh, weep for Adonais! though our tears Thaw not the frost which binds so dear a head! And thou, sad Hour, selected from all years To mourn our loss, rouse thy obscure peers, And teach them thine own sorrow, say: With me Died Adonais。 till the Future dares Fet the Past, his fate and fame shall be An echo and a light unto eternity! Chapter IV Poetry ? Latin etymology, meaning ―pertaining to shepherds‖ and can be applied to works of any literary genre that deal with the simple and unspoiled life of the shepherds or countryside ? Pastoral poems are those professing to portray the innocence of shepherd life, according to a specific literary convention. ? include poems from love lyrics to elaborate elegies. Kinds of Poetry8. Pastoral Chapter IV Poetry ? classical pastoral poetry were descendant of the folk songs and ceremonies that honored the pastoral gods. ? pastoral poetry as a literary type is believed to be set up by the Greek poet Theocritus/?i`?krit?s/ with his ―Idylls‖ /`idil/田園詩 in the 3rd century Kinds of Poetry8. Pastoral Theocritus IDYLL XII Art e, dear youth? two days and nights away! (Who burn with love, grow aged in a day.) As much as apples sweet the damson crude Excel。 the blooming spring the winter rude。 In fleece the sheep her lamb。 the maiden in sweetness The thricewed dame。 the fawn the calf in fleetness。 The nightingale in song all feathered kind So much thy longedfor presence cheers my mind. To thee I hasten, as to shady beech, The traveller, when from the heaven39。s reach The sun fie