微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)英文版第一章-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-05-15 04:26本頁(yè)面
【正文】 （ CPI） 1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 CPI (1980=100) 100 CPI (1995=100) 100 Chapter 1: Preliminaries Slide 49 基年的轉(zhuǎn)換 ?例如 ,把基年從 1980年轉(zhuǎn)換為 1995年 ? CPI某年 =CPI某年 /CPI基年 ? CPI1985=CPI1985/CPI1995 ? CPI1985= Chapter 1: Preliminaries Slide 50 例 :蛋的實(shí)際價(jià)格和大學(xué)教育的實(shí)際價(jià)格（單位：美元） $ 4 , 5 7 3$ 1 9 , 2 1 3x 1 6 3 . 03 8 . 8 ?? 1998 大學(xué)教育的實(shí)際價(jià)格 (1970=100) Chapter 1: Preliminaries Slide 51 例 :雞蛋的實(shí)際價(jià)格和大學(xué)教育的實(shí)際價(jià)格（單位：美元） 消費(fèi)物價(jià)指數(shù) (1983 = 100) 名義價(jià)格 A級(jí)蛋 $ $ $ $ $ $ 大學(xué)教育 $2,530 $3,403 $4,912 $8,156 $12,800 $19,213 實(shí)際價(jià)格 ($1970) A級(jí)蛋 $ $ $ $ $ $ 大學(xué)教育 $2,530 $2,454 $2,313 $2,941 $3,800 $4,573 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1998 Chapter 1: Preliminaries Slide 52 案例 :最低工資 (P13) The Minimum Wage ?觀察 Observations 1. 自從 1940年以來(lái) ,名義最低工資一直在上升 . The minimum wage has been increasing in nominal terms since 1940. 2. 1999年的實(shí)際最低工資并不比 1950年的高 . The 1999 real minimum wage was no higher in 1999 than 1950. Chapter 1: Preliminaries Slide 53 案例 :最低工資 (P13) An Example: The Minimum Wage ?你有什么見(jiàn)解？ What Do You Think? ?提高最低工資會(huì)有什么樣的實(shí)證問(wèn)題和規(guī)范問(wèn)題？ What are the positive and normative issues of raising the minimum wage? ?實(shí)證問(wèn)題 :將使多少工人失業(yè) (若本來(lái)他們能有工作 )? ?規(guī)范問(wèn)題 :年輕工的失業(yè)損失能否被其他人的直接和間接受益所彌補(bǔ) . Chapter 1: Preliminaries Slide 54 為什么要學(xué)習(xí)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) ? Why Study Microeconomics? ?微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)概念有利于每個(gè)人作出消費(fèi)選擇或生產(chǎn)選擇。 Microeconomic concepts are used by everyone to assist them in making choices as consumers and producers. ?重要性和廣泛的應(yīng)用性 :可應(yīng)用于實(shí)際決策工作 Chapter 1: Preliminaries Slide 55 要點(diǎn)總結(jié) Summary ?微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)涉及小經(jīng)濟(jì)單位的決策M(jìn)icroeconomics is concerned with the decisions made by small economic units. ?微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)倚重于理論和模型的運(yùn)用 . Microeconomics relies heavily on the use of theory and models. Chapter 1: Preliminaries Slide 56 要點(diǎn)總結(jié) Summary ? 微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)涉及實(shí)證和規(guī)范分析 . Microeconomics is concerned with positive questions and normative analysis. ? 市場(chǎng) 是相互作用的買者和賣者的集合和由此引起的買賣可能性 . A market refers to a collection of buyers and sellers who interact and to the possibility for sales and purchases that results from that interaction. Chapter 1: Preliminaries Slide 57 要點(diǎn)總結(jié) Summary ? 市場(chǎng)價(jià)格基于買賣雙方相互作用 .The market price is established by the interaction of buyers and sellers. ? 市場(chǎng)必須從地理邊界和產(chǎn)品范圍兩個(gè)方面作出定義 .A market’s geographic boundaries and range of products must be defined. ? 為消除通貨膨脹的影響 ,我們必須衡量實(shí)際價(jià)格而不是名義價(jià)格 . To eliminate the effects of inflation we measure real prices, rather than nominal prices. 第一章結(jié)束 End of Chapter 1 Preliminaries
環(huán)評(píng)公示相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1