【導(dǎo)讀】使用51系列單片機(jī)作為核心控制器完成簡(jiǎn)單電子琴的制作。合理分析需求，完成硬件及軟件設(shè)計(jì)，通過(guò)此次制作掌握單片機(jī)的使用和編程技能，掌握單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法。、用鍵盤(pán)做出電子琴按鍵，每鍵代表一個(gè)音符；、各音符按一定順序排列，符合電子琴的按鍵排列順序；、可以彈奏出簡(jiǎn)單的樂(lè)曲；、附加功能如自動(dòng)演奏簡(jiǎn)單節(jié)奏、樂(lè)曲。2013年4月08日~2013年4月25日：搜索論文資料及查閱參考文獻(xiàn)，合理分析需求，學(xué)習(xí)單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)。2013年5月12日~2013年5月23日：做出系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案，形成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文的初稿，畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中期檢查。2013年5月21日~2013年6月15日：根據(jù)老師的意見(jiàn)對(duì)論文初稿進(jìn)行整改，并繼續(xù)完善系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。工作量飽滿；圓滿完成了任務(wù)書(shū)所規(guī)定的各項(xiàng)任務(wù)。該設(shè)計(jì)須限期修改合格后重新申請(qǐng)答辯。以單片機(jī)作為主控核心，與鍵盤(pán)、揚(yáng)聲器等模塊組成核心主控制模塊，在主控模塊上設(shè)有16個(gè)按鍵和揚(yáng)聲器。

　　

【正文】 trollers are used in a multitude of mercial applications such as modems, motorcontrol systems, air conditioner control systems, automotive engine and among others. The high processing speed and enhanced peripheral set of these microcontrollers make them suitable for such highspeed eventbased , these critical application domains also require that these microcontrollers are highly reliable. The high reliability and low market risks can be ensured by a robust testing process and a proper tools environment for the validation of these microcontrollers both at the ponent and at the system level. Intel Plaform Engineering department developed an objectoriented multithreaded test environment for the validation of its AT89C51 automotive microcontrollers. The goals of thisenvironment was not only to provide a robust testing environment for the AT89C51 automotive microcontrollers, but to develop an environment which can be easily extended and reused for the validation of several other future microcontrollers. The environment was developed in conjunction with Microsoft Foundation Classes (AT89C51). The paper describes the design and mechanism of this test environment, its interactions with various hardware/software environmental ponents, and how to use AT89C51. The 8bit AT89C51 CHMOS microcontrollers are designed to handle highspeedcalculations and fast input/output operations. MCS 51 microcontrollers are typically used for highspeed event control systems. Commercial applications include modems,motorcontrol systems, printers, photocopiers, air conditioner control systems, disk drives,and medical instruments. The automotive industry use MCS 51 microcontrollers in enginecontrol systems, airbags, suspension systems, and antilock braking systems (ABS). The AT89C51 is especially well suited to applications that benefit from its processing speed and enhanced onchip peripheral functions set, such as automotive powertrain control, vehicle dynamic suspension, antilock braking, and stability control applications. Because of these critical applications, the market requires a reliable costeffective controller with a low interrupt latency response, ability to service the high number of time and event driven integrated peripherals needed in real time applications, and a CPU with above average processing power in a single package. The financial and legal risk of having devices that operate unpredictably is very high. Once in the market, particularly in mission criticalapplications such as an autopilot or antilock braking system, mistakes are financiallyprohibitive. Redesign costs can run as high as a $500K, much more if the fix means 2 back annotating it across a product family that share the same core and/or peripheral design flaw. In addition, field replacements of ponents is extremely expensive, as the devices are typically sealed in modules with a total value several times that of the ponent. To mitigate these problems, it is essential that prehensive testing of the controllers be carried out at both the ponent level and system level under worst case environmental and voltage plete and thorough validation necessitates not only a welldefined process but also a proper environment and tools to facilitate and execute the mission Chandler Platform Engineering group provides post silicon system validation (SV) of various microcontrollers and processors. The system validation process can be broken into three major type of the device and its application requirements determine which types of testing are performed on the device. The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4Kbytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16bittimer/counters, a five vector twolevel interrupt architecture,a full duple ser ial port, onchip oscillator and clock addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters,serial port and interrupt sys tem to continue functioning. The Powerdown Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscil –lator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.附錄Ⅲ中文翻譯單片機(jī)廣泛應(yīng)用于商業(yè)：諸如調(diào)制解調(diào)器，電動(dòng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，空調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)，汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和其他一些領(lǐng)域。這些單片機(jī)的高速處理速度和增強(qiáng)型外圍設(shè)備集合使得它們適合于這種高速事件應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合。然而，這些關(guān)鍵應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也要求這些單片機(jī)高度可靠。健壯的測(cè)試環(huán)境和用于驗(yàn)證這些無(wú)論在元部件層次還是系統(tǒng)級(jí)別的單片機(jī)的合適的工具環(huán)境保證了高可靠性和低市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Intel 平臺(tái)工程部門(mén)開(kāi)發(fā)了一種面向?qū)ο蟮挠糜隍?yàn)證它的AT89C51 汽車(chē)單片機(jī)多線性測(cè)試環(huán)境。這種環(huán)境的目標(biāo)不僅是為AT89C51 汽車(chē)單片機(jī)提供一種健壯測(cè)試環(huán)境，而且開(kāi)發(fā)一種能夠容易擴(kuò)展并重復(fù)用來(lái)驗(yàn)證其他幾種將來(lái)的單片機(jī)。開(kāi)發(fā)的這種環(huán)境連接了AT89C51。本文討論了這種測(cè)試環(huán)境的設(shè)計(jì)和原理，它的和各種硬件、軟件環(huán)境部件的交互性，以及如何使用AT89C51。8位AT89C51 CHMOS 工藝單片機(jī)被設(shè)計(jì)用于處理高速計(jì)算和快速輸入/輸出。MCS51 單片機(jī)典型的應(yīng)用是高速事件控制系統(tǒng)。商業(yè)應(yīng)用包括調(diào)制解調(diào)器，電動(dòng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，打印機(jī)，影印機(jī)，空調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)，磁盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器和醫(yī)療設(shè)備。汽車(chē)工業(yè)把MCS51 單片機(jī)用于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，懸掛系統(tǒng)和反鎖制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。AT89C51 尤其很好適用于得益于它的處理速度和增強(qiáng)型片上外圍功能集，諸如：汽車(chē)動(dòng)力控制，車(chē)輛動(dòng)態(tài)懸掛，反鎖制動(dòng)和穩(wěn)定性控制應(yīng)用。由于這些決定性應(yīng)用，市場(chǎng)需要一種可靠的具有低干擾潛伏響應(yīng)的費(fèi)用效能控制器，服務(wù)大量時(shí)間和事件驅(qū)動(dòng)的在實(shí)時(shí)應(yīng)用需要的集成外圍的能力，具有在單一程序包中高出平均處理功率的中央處理器。擁有操作不可預(yù)測(cè)的設(shè)備的經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是很高的。一旦進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)，尤其任務(wù)決定性應(yīng)用諸如自動(dòng)駕駛儀或反鎖制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，錯(cuò)誤將是財(cái)力上所禁止的。重新設(shè)計(jì)的費(fèi)用可以高達(dá)500K 美元，如果產(chǎn)品族享有同樣內(nèi)核或外圍設(shè)計(jì)缺陷的話，費(fèi)用會(huì)更高。另外，部件的替代品領(lǐng)域是極其昂貴的，因?yàn)樵O(shè)備要用來(lái)把模塊典型地焊接成一個(gè)總體的價(jià)值比各個(gè)部件高幾倍。為了緩和這些問(wèn)題，在最壞的環(huán)境和電壓條件下對(duì)這些單片機(jī)進(jìn)行無(wú)論在部件級(jí)別還是系統(tǒng)級(jí)別上的綜合測(cè)試是必需的。Intel Chandler 平臺(tái)工程組提供了各種單片機(jī)和處理器的系統(tǒng)驗(yàn)證。這種系統(tǒng)的驗(yàn)證處理可以被分解為三個(gè)主要部分。系統(tǒng)的類型和應(yīng)用需求決定了能夠在設(shè)備上執(zhí)行的測(cè)試類型。AT89C51提供以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)功能：4k字節(jié)FLASH閃速存儲(chǔ)器，128 字節(jié)內(nèi)部RAM，32 個(gè)I/O 口線，2 個(gè)16 位定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器，一個(gè)5 向量?jī)杉?jí)中斷結(jié)構(gòu)，一個(gè)全雙工串行通信口，片內(nèi)振蕩器及時(shí)鐘電路。同時(shí)，AT89C51 降至0Hz 的靜態(tài)邏輯操作，并支持兩種可選的節(jié)電工作模式。空閑方式體制CPU 的工作，但允許RAM，定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器，串行通信口及中斷系統(tǒng)繼續(xù)工作。掉電方式保存RAM 中的內(nèi)容，但振蕩器體制工作并禁止其他所有不見(jiàn)工作直到下一個(gè)硬件復(fù)位。44