【導(dǎo)讀】46km，是渭河干流進(jìn)入陜西境內(nèi)梯級開發(fā)規(guī)劃中的首座水電站。顏家河水電站為小型Ⅴ等工程，其主要建筑物為5級建筑物，屬純水力發(fā)電工程，主要由擋水建筑物、排沙建筑物、引水建筑物和電站廠房等組成。根據(jù)《防洪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》（GB50201

　　

【正文】 protection soil layer (use long distance borrowing soil, cohesive soil content between %～ %） . The top and bottom anchor length of geomembrane are for consolidation and antiseepage of embankment. As to the case bank that have low requirements and bined with the characters of this experimental project, the top width use 2m , the slope of both side use 1:2 and geomembrane is cancelled. During the operation period, colored bar fabrics should be putted on the upstream face of bank for scouring protection. 3. Sediment area operation way The premised operation time of this warping test is 2 years. It operates in flood time of Yellow River between 2021 and 2021. when flow rate of Yellow River es to 500m3/s～4000m3/s (sediment content appropriately is 50kg/m3 ) the warping sluice will start water diversion. Referring to moving characters of sediment load, some study on silting type and use formula for the flow channel gradient ratio and also refer to the balance formula which was get by solution result of system of equations about fluvial dynamics to calculate gradient ratio of flow channel, the last sediment gradient ratio is confirmed as follow: the first half of beach area use %00, and the second half use %00 referring to the observer data from the existed desilting channels. Considering horizontal unevenness of the ultimate silting type, inequality factors on silting and leaving tolerances of flow channel, the allowable warping quantity is 12,580,000m3. The operation procedure of sediment area can be divided into detaining the coarse and discharging the fine and covering sediment two steps, detaining the coarse and discharging the fine progress in turns follow the sequence channel ① ,③ ,② and three channels carry out covering sediment procedure at the same time. Desilting channel ① by the operation of water outlet door which near the horizontal case 25 bank to achieve the aim of detaining the coarse and discharging the fine, escape channel of channel ② directly let the water which es from channel ① flow to the Yellow River via escape sluice instead of silting in it. In the early period, knit bag should not use near the escape sluice, knit bag should be used to raise the water level with the raise sediment surface. When the water level e to the design level, keep this level for some time to silt pletely. When the sediment ejection ratio es to some degree stop operating. Number ② ,③ desilting channel by operating escape sluice to achieve the aim of detaining the coarse and discharging the fine. Opening escape sluice in the early days, the water level in outlet place was controlled by the flow capacity of escape sluice. Adding some overlap beams to raise the water level gradually acpany with the sediment surface raising. When the overlap beam e to the design water level, keep this level for some time for silting pletely. When the sediment ejection ratio es to some degree stop operating. If channel ③ silt fully before channel ② , the overlap beams should be demolished. Considering the utilizing of covering sediment, when the sediment surface e to the level m lower than design level, the operating principal and the operation way of detaining coarse and discharging the fine will have great difference. Because of the decreasing flow ability of escape sluice which is caused by the change of hydraulic head, flow ratio of warping sluice should be decreased gradually until the water silting finished and almost make the flow channel leveling. Stopping the silting test when sediment beach es to designed elevation. According to the forecast in the sediment period, we should try our best to control the warping sluice to use fine sediment load whose median sediment size is smaller than to meet the farming demand. It is necessary to point out that above operation way is a preliminary way which is es from the operation experience of desilting basins in the downstream of Yellow river and some knowledge about the flow sediment movement rules. This operation way can be adjusted during the test period on the basis of real condition reflect from prototype observation to silt more coarse and less fine, and to accumulate more operation experiences to provide technical support for the large scale warping. 4. Tag The material of embankment in sediment area is cohesionless soil, using geomembrane as antiseepage material can decrease the cross section dimension to get great economic effect. Using colored bar fabric as antiscouring material has great effect because of the poor antiscouring ability of cohesionless soil. The lay out of sediment area is confirmed according to old experiences and prototype testing. During operation period hydrographic observation work should be emphasized in order to use flood period Yellow River and the inspection work of selected section is also need to be well done at the same time. In the later design, discussions and studies on sediment channel with different width will be carried out to provide technical support for the execution of large scale warping. 26 黃河小北干流放淤試驗工程連伯灘淤區(qū)設(shè)計 1．工程概況 泥沙問題是黃河難以治理的重大難題，在國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)的《黃河近期重點(diǎn)治理開 發(fā)規(guī)劃》中，明確提出處理和利用泥沙的基本思路是“攔、排、放、調(diào)、挖”綜合治理。其中“放”主要是在黃河中下游兩岸利用有利地形引洪放淤，處理和利用一部分泥沙。黃河小北干流系指黃河中游禹門口至潼關(guān)河段，該河段很多灘地具備大規(guī)模放淤的自然條件。小北干流放淤試驗工程就是通過實際工程的試驗、觀測、研究，為大規(guī)模放淤、解決泥沙問題提供新思路和技術(shù)支持。 小北干流放淤試驗工程主要包括放淤閘、輸沙渠、淤區(qū)、退水閘四部分。 淤區(qū)長 ，平均寬為 ，淤區(qū)面積約 ，由汾河口工程 及新建 圍堤圍成，中間 建縱、橫 格 堤將整個淤區(qū)分成三條沉沙條池。在黃河汛期選擇適宜時機(jī)，放淤閘從黃河引進(jìn)高含沙水流，通過輸沙渠將水輸送到淤區(qū)，在淤區(qū)經(jīng)沉淀后，由淤區(qū)末端退水閘將來水退入黃河。輸沙渠沿線設(shè)置兩個彎道，根據(jù)彎道水力學(xué)原理，運(yùn)行時通過彎道凹岸上的溢流堰將部分表層相對較清的水溢出，以增大進(jìn)入淤區(qū)水流的粗沙含量；再通過淤區(qū)內(nèi)縱、橫格堤的控制運(yùn)用以及退水閘對淤區(qū)水位、淤積形態(tài)的調(diào)控，達(dá)到淤粗排細(xì)的目的。 2．淤區(qū)布置 平面布置 連伯灘淤區(qū)設(shè)計過流量 為 53m3/s～ 108m3/s，根據(jù) 《水工設(shè)計手冊》中沉沙計算經(jīng)驗公式， 沉沙 條渠 寬度為 110m～ 430m。條渠宜 布置成逐漸展寬的上段和比較順直的中段，下段應(yīng)徐緩收縮，但不宜過于 縮 窄，以利于后期沉沙。 淤區(qū) 由汾河口工程 及新建 圍堤圍成 ，平均寬 640m，最寬處約 750m，長 。 水沙從20m寬的輸沙渠進(jìn)入幾百 m寬的淤區(qū) ， 為了避免淤區(qū)前端淤積，淤積形態(tài)的橫向不平坦等情況，淤區(qū)的