【導(dǎo)讀】此項目主要是研究電氣系統(tǒng)以及簡單有效的控制氣流發(fā)動機的程序和氣流系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)?；ò甑目刂屏悴考，F(xiàn)在，大部分的系統(tǒng)邏輯操作的控制器都被程序邏輯控制器所。PLC的感應(yīng)器和開關(guān)是輸入端，而發(fā)動機的直接控制閥是輸出端，其中有一個內(nèi)部。因此，可以節(jié)省時間，減少失誤的危險，同時在使用相同材料的情況下，它可以。PLC的用途廣泛，可以應(yīng)用于許多工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，甚至用于建筑物的安全和。對于自動化的工程，PLC的使用是比較昂貴的，尤其是對那些小型的系統(tǒng)。針對這種情況可行的一種辦法是創(chuàng)建一個可提供特定尺寸和功能的控制器?？梢愿鶕?jù)微控制器來制作。線路，能夠防止偶然的信號交疊和線路堵塞。微控制器的記憶所儲藏，因此，他們是可讀的而且可以運行。不同于傳統(tǒng)的PLC，這種控制器的工作目的是成為特定領(lǐng)域設(shè)計的多用控制器。于輸出端，還有一個被用作內(nèi)部定時器，類似輸入或暫停功能。

　　

【正文】 give more function to the circuit and are very important to the final application。 the most important of them is the parallel circuit linked with all the others steps. That circuit should be able to stop the sequence at any time and change the state of the actuators to a specific position. This kind of circuit can be used as a reset or emergency buttons. The next Figs. 7 and 8 show the result of using the method without the controller. These pictures are the electric diagram of the control circuit of the example, including sensors, buttons and the coils of the electrical valves. The auxiliary elements are included, like the automatic/manual switcher that permit a continuous work and the two start buttons that make the operator of a machine use their two hands to start the process, reducing the risk of accidents. 6. Changing the example to a user program In the previous chapter, the electropneumatic circuits were presented, used to begin the study of the requires to control a system that work with steps and must offer all the functional elements to be used in a real application. But, as explained above, using a PLC or this specific controller, the control bees easier and the plexity can be increase also. Table 2 shows a resume of the elements that are necessary to control the presented example. With the time diagram, the step sequence and the elements of the system described in Table 2 and Figs. 5 and 6 it is possible to create the configuration of the steps that can be sent to the controller (Tables 3 and 4). While using a conventional PLC, the user should pay attention to the logic of the circuit when drawing the electric diagram on the interface (Figs. 7 and 8), using the programmable controller, described in this work, the user must know only the concept o f the method and program only the configuration of each step. It means that, with a conventional PLC, the user must draw the relation between the lines and the draw makes it hard to differentiate the steps of the sequence. Normally, one needs to execute a simulation on the interface to find mistakes on the logic The new programming allows that the configuration of the steps be separated, like described by the method. The sequence is defined by itself and the steps are described only by the inputs and outputs for each step. The structure of the configuration follows the order: 1byte: features of the step。 2byte: mask for the inputs。 3byte: value expected on the inputs。 4byte: value for the outputs。 5byte: value for the extra function. Table 5 shows how the user program is saved inside the controller, this is the program that describes the control of the example shown before. The sequence can be defined by 25 bytes. These bytes can be divided in five strings with 5 bytes each that define each step of the sequence (Figs. 9 and 10). 7. Conclusion The controller developed for this work (Fig. 11) shows that it is possible to create a very useful programmable controller based on microcontroller. External memories or external timers were not used in case to explore the resources that the microcontroller offers inside. Outside the microcontroller, there are only ponents to implement the outputs, inputs, analog input, display for the interface and the serial munication. Using only the internal memory, it is possible to control a pneumatic system that has a sequence with 48 steps if all the resources for all steps are used, but it is possible to reach sixty steps in the case of a simpler system. The programming of the controller does not use PLC languages, but a configuration that is simple and intuitive. With electropneumatic system, the programming follows the same technique that was used before to design the system, but here the designer work s directly with the states or steps of the system. With a very simple machine language the designer can define all the configuration of the step using four or five bytes. It depends only on his experience to use all the resources of the controller. The controller task is not to work in the same way as a mercial PLC but the purpose of it is to be an example of a versatile controller that is designed for a specific area. Because of that, it is not possible to say which one works better。 the system made with microcontroller is an alternative that works in a simple way.