【正文】 pregnant when they were exposed to the world trade center attack. in the babies of those women who developed posttraumatic stress syndrome, or ptsd, following their ordeal, researchers discovered a biological marker of susceptibility to ptsd an effect that was most pronounced in infants whose mothers experienced the catastrophe in their third trimester. in other words, the mothers with posttraumatic stress syndrome had passed on a vulnerability to the condition to their children while they were still in utero.
　　now consider this: posttraumatic stress syndrome appears to be a reaction to stress gone very wrong, causing its victims tremendous unnecessary suffering. but thereamp。39。s another way of thinking about ptsd. what looks like pathology to us may actually be a useful adaptation in some circumstances. in a particularly dangerous environment, the characteristic manifestations of ptsd a hyperawareness of oneamp。39。s surroundings, a quicktrigger response to danger could save someoneamp。39。s life. the notion that the prenatal transmission of ptsd risk is adaptive is still speculative, but i find it rather poignant. it would mean that, even before birth, mothers are warning their children that itamp。39。s a wild world out there, telling them, amp。quot。be careful.amp。quot。
　　let me be clear. fetal origins research is not about blaming women for what happens during pregnancy. itamp。39。s about discovering how best to promote the health and wellbeing of the next generation. that important effort must include a focus on what fetuses learn during the nine months they spend in the womb. learning is one of lifeamp。39。s most essential activities, and it begins much earlier than we ever imagined.
　　thank you.
Ted英語(yǔ)演講稿:Underwater Astonishment ted英語(yǔ)演講稿（3） 　　weamp。39。re going to go on a dive to the deep sea, and anyone thatamp。39。s had that lovely opportunity knows that for about two and half hours on the way down, itamp。39。s a perfectly positively pitchblack world. and we used to see the most mysterious animals out the windowthat you couldnamp。39。t describe: these blinking lights a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies. dr. edith widder sheamp。39。s now at the ocean research and conservation association was able to e up with a camera that could capture some of these incredible animals, and thatamp。39。s what youamp。39。re seeing here on the screen.
　　好了，我們即將潛入海底深處。 任何一個(gè)有過(guò)這種美妙機(jī)會(huì)的人都知道 在這兩個(gè)半小時(shí)的下降過(guò)程中， 是一個(gè)完全漆黑的世界。 我們透過(guò)窗戶會(huì)看見(jiàn)世界上各種最神秘的動(dòng)物， 各種無(wú)法形容的動(dòng)物。這些閃亮著的光， 完美地構(gòu)成了如螢火蟲(chóng)般發(fā)光的世界。 研究保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)的edith witter博士 發(fā)明了一種照相機(jī)， 這種照相機(jī)可以拍下這些令人難以置信的生物。 這就是你現(xiàn)在在屏幕上看到的。
　　thatamp。39。s all bioluminescence. so, like i said: just like fireflies. thereamp。39。s a flying turkey under a tree. (laughter) iamp。39。m a geologist by training. but i love that. and you see, some of the bioluminescence they use to avoid being eaten, some they use to attract prey, but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing. and a lot of what goes on inside ... thereamp。39。s a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes. some of the colors are designed to hypnotize, these lovely patterns. and then this last one, one of my favorites, this pinwheel design. just absolutely amazing, every single dive.
　　他們?nèi)慷际巧锇l(fā)光體。像我說(shuō)的，就像螢火蟲(chóng)一樣。 這是個(gè)會(huì)飛的火雞，在樹(shù)下。(笑聲) 我知道我現(xiàn)在像是個(gè)實(shí)習(xí)期的地質(zhì)學(xué)家，不過(guò)我就是喜歡。 你可以看到這些生物發(fā)出的光， 有些是為了避免被吃掉。 有些又是為引誘食物上鉤。 盡管如此，用藝術(shù)的角度來(lái)看，這些都如此神奇。 再來(lái)看看這里發(fā)生了些什么。 這條魚(yú)有著會(huì)發(fā)光，閃爍的眼睛。 有些顏色則可以催眠。 多么有趣的圖案。這是最后一個(gè)： 也是我的最愛(ài)，像轉(zhuǎn)輪一樣的設(shè)計(jì)。 每一次潛水都充滿著驚喜。
　　thatamp。39。s the unknown world, and today weamp。39。ve only explored about 3 percent of whatamp。39。s out there in the ocean. already weamp。39。ve found the worldamp。39。s highest mountains, the worldamp。39。s deepest valleys, underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls a lot of that we shared with you from the stage. and in a place where we thought no life at all, we find more life, we think, and diversity and density than the tropical rainforest, which tells us that we donamp。39。t know much about this planet at all. thereamp。39。s still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises.
　　這正是一個(gè)未知的世界。到今天為止，我們只探索了其中的極小部分， 大約只占了所有海洋的3%。 到現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上最高的山峰， 最深的峽谷， 水下湖，水下瀑布， 還有我們剛才看到的。 然而，恰是我們?cè)?jīng)以為根本不可能有生命的地方， 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了眾多的生物，還有它們的密度和多樣性， 都超過(guò)了熱帶雨林。這告訴我們 我們實(shí)際上對(duì)自己的星球還不甚了解。 還有剩下的97%，那里要不就是一片荒蕪，要不就是充滿驚喜。
　　but i want to jump up to shallow water now and look at some creatures that are positively headfoots. as a kid i knew them as calamari, mostly. (laughter) this is an octopus this is the work of dr. roger hanlon at the marine biological lab and itamp。39。s just fascinating how cephalopods can, with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings, look at light, look at patterns. hereamp。39。s an octopus moving across the reef, finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background. tough thing to do.
　　不過(guò)我現(xiàn)在還是想說(shuō)說(shuō)淺水里的世界， 來(lái)看看那些神奇的生物。 頭足類動(dòng)物，有頭有角。小時(shí)候我把他們當(dāng)作是槍烏賊。 這是一條章魚(yú)。 這是來(lái)自roger hanlon博士，海洋生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室的成果。 這些頭足類動(dòng)物真令人著迷， 它用它們的眼睛，它們那難以置信的眼睛來(lái)觀察周?chē)沫h(huán)境， 看光，看圖案。 這有只章魚(yú)正在穿過(guò)礁石。 找到一個(gè)位置，停下來(lái)，卷起，然后馬上消失在背景之中。 這很難做到。
　　in the next bit, weamp。39。re going to see a couple squid. these are squid. now males, when they fight, if theyamp。39。re really aggressive, they turn white. and these two males are fighting, they do it by bouncing their butts together, which is an interesting concept. now, hereamp。39。s a male on the left and a female on the right, and the male has managed to split his coloration so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid in him. and the male ... (laughter) weamp。39。re going to see it again. letamp。39。s take a look at it again. watch the coloration: white on the right, brown on the left. he takes a step back so heamp。39。s keeping off the other males by splitting his body and es up on the other side ... bingo! now iamp。39。m told thatamp。39。s not just a squid phenomenon with males, but i donamp。39。t know. (laughter)
　　接下來(lái)，再來(lái)一起看一對(duì)魷魚(yú)。 這就是魷魚(yú)。當(dāng)雄性魷魚(yú)搏斗時(shí)， 如果它們想要顯示出自己的侵略性，它們就變?yōu)榘咨恕?這有兩條雄魷魚(yú)在搏斗。 它們用撞屁股的方式來(lái)搏斗， 真是挺有意思的方法。這里有一條雄性在左邊， 雌性在右邊。 看，這條雄性能有辦法利用顏色把自己分為兩半， 所以雌性只能看到它溫順，優(yōu)雅的一邊， 雄性 (笑聲)再來(lái)看一次。 讓我們?cè)倏匆淮?。注意它的顏色?白色在右邊，棕色在左邊。 它后退一步，讓其它的雄性無(wú)法靠近 來(lái)到另