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A Review on Solar Powered Air Conditioning System 太陽能空調系統(tǒng)綜述 Ravi Gugulothu，Naga Sarada Somanchi，Hima Bindu Banoth和Kishan Banothu 摘要：二十一世紀正迅速成為完美的能源風暴，現(xiàn)代社會面臨著能源價格波動和日益嚴重的環(huán)境問題以及能源供應和安全問題。21世紀人類面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一是能源。煤、石油、天然氣等化石燃料是人類社會一切重要的主要能源?；剂系娜紵呀洸⒄趯Φ厍颦h(huán)境造成破壞。到2050年，隨著全球人口增長和發(fā)展中國家經濟擴張，能源需求可能會增加一倍甚至三倍。這已經引起了人們對潛在供應困難、能源資源枯竭和加速臭氧層損耗、全球變暖和氣候變化等環(huán)境影響的關注。人類社會可利用的最豐富的能源是太陽能。太陽能的利用和人類歷史一樣古老。在各類可再生能源中，太陽能利用最少。空調對于保持室內環(huán)境的熱舒適性是必不可少的，特別是對于濕熱氣候。如今，包括冷卻和除濕的空調已經成為商業(yè)和住宅建筑以及工業(yè)過程中的必要條件。夏季，由于空調系統(tǒng)的廣泛使用，電力需求大幅增加。這是該國電力供應出現(xiàn)重大問題的根源，并導致二氧化碳排放量增加，造成環(huán)境污染和全球變暖。另一方面，由于含氯氟烴( CFC )和氫氟碳化合物( HCFC )制冷劑的存在，蒸汽壓縮空調系統(tǒng)對平流層臭氧消耗有影響。使用太陽能來驅動冷卻循環(huán)是有吸引力的，因為冷卻負荷大致與太陽能的可用性同相。為了利用太陽能冷卻，一種解決方案是使用吸收式冷卻器，使用水和溴化鋰溶液。太陽能空調系統(tǒng)有助于減少化石燃料的使用。在不斷發(fā)展的節(jié)能空調技術中，液體除濕空調( LDAC )系統(tǒng)在過去幾十年中表現(xiàn)出了良好的性能，被認為是與廣泛使用的傳統(tǒng)空調系統(tǒng)(CAC)的強大競爭對手。干燥劑蒸發(fā)冷卻技術環(huán)保，可用于調節(jié)建筑物室內環(huán)境。與傳統(tǒng)空調系統(tǒng)不同，除濕空調系統(tǒng)可以由太陽能和工業(yè)廢熱等低級熱源驅動。在這項研究中，重點是通過使用太陽能來降低空調能力、節(jié)省燃料和減少排放。
關鍵詞：太陽能，除濕空調系統(tǒng)，加濕，除濕，常規(guī)空調 太陽能作為一種可再生能源，越來越受到世界各國的重視。太陽系可分為兩類:這些是將太陽能轉換成熱能的熱系統(tǒng)和將太陽能轉換成電能的光伏系統(tǒng)。然而，更多落在光伏電池上的太陽輻射不是轉換成電能，而是反射或轉換成熱能。由于光伏電池工作溫度的升高，這種方法導致電轉換效率下降。
在過去的一個世紀里，科學界在兩個主要方面付出了很大努力來實現(xiàn)住房的能源可持續(xù)性；這些國家正在減少外部能源供應，其余國家則使用可再生能源。在這兩方面，太陽能都越來越受歡迎，因為它們增加了能源的獨立性和可持續(xù)性，同時對環(huán)境幾乎沒有影響。
現(xiàn)代舒適的生活條件是以巨大的能源為代價的。全球變暖和臭氧消耗，以及過去幾年化石燃料對建筑能源系統(tǒng)設計和控制的成本上升。太陽能資源豐富、清潔，用太陽能替代傳統(tǒng)能源具有重要意義。因此太陽能在建筑能源系統(tǒng)中起著重要作用。
化石燃料越來越稀缺，成本越來越高，減少溫室氣體排放的激勵措施也使得人們對太陽能越來越感興趣。太陽能價格低廉，能夠滿足家庭全年的需求。不幸的是，它的間歇性和隨天氣條件、時間和季節(jié)的變化導致供暖需求和太陽能供應之間的不匹配。
空調系統(tǒng)安裝在建筑物中，為居住者提供健康和生產環(huán)境。在廣泛使用的能源效率低的傳統(tǒng)空調系統(tǒng)的運行中消耗了大量的能量，這導致了一些與能源生產相關的環(huán)境問題，例如空氣污染、全球變暖和酸雨。
從最近的研究來看，這些建筑消耗了全球約