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A Review on Solar Powered Air Conditioning System 太陽(yáng)能空調(diào)系統(tǒng)綜述 Ravi Gugulothu，Naga Sarada Somanchi，Hima Bindu Banoth和Kishan Banothu 摘要：二十一世紀(jì)正迅速成為完美的能源風(fēng)暴，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)面臨著能源價(jià)格波動(dòng)和日益嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問題以及能源供應(yīng)和安全問題。21世紀(jì)人類面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一是能源。煤、石油、天然氣等化石燃料是人類社會(huì)一切重要的主要能源?；剂系娜紵呀?jīng)并正在對(duì)地球環(huán)境造成破壞。到2050年，隨著全球人口增長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展中國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張，能源需求可能會(huì)增加一倍甚至三倍。這已經(jīng)引起了人們對(duì)潛在供應(yīng)困難、能源資源枯竭和加速臭氧層損耗、全球變暖和氣候變化等環(huán)境影響的關(guān)注。人類社會(huì)可利用的最豐富的能源是太陽(yáng)能。太陽(yáng)能的利用和人類歷史一樣古老。在各類可再生能源中，太陽(yáng)能利用最少?？照{(diào)對(duì)于保持室內(nèi)環(huán)境的熱舒適性是必不可少的，特別是對(duì)于濕熱氣候。如今，包括冷卻和除濕的空調(diào)已經(jīng)成為商業(yè)和住宅建筑以及工業(yè)過程中的必要條件。夏季，由于空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的廣泛使用，電力需求大幅增加。這是該國(guó)電力供應(yīng)出現(xiàn)重大問題的根源，并導(dǎo)致二氧化碳排放量增加，造成環(huán)境污染和全球變暖。另一方面，由于含氯氟烴( CFC )和氫氟碳化合物( HCFC )制冷劑的存在，蒸汽壓縮空調(diào)系統(tǒng)對(duì)平流層臭氧消耗有影響。使用太陽(yáng)能來驅(qū)動(dòng)冷卻循環(huán)是有吸引力的，因?yàn)槔鋮s負(fù)荷大致與太陽(yáng)能的可用性同相。為了利用太陽(yáng)能冷卻，一種解決方案是使用吸收式冷卻器，使用水和溴化鋰溶液。太陽(yáng)能空調(diào)系統(tǒng)有助于減少化石燃料的使用。在不斷發(fā)展的節(jié)能空調(diào)技術(shù)中，液體除濕空調(diào)( LDAC )系統(tǒng)在過去幾十年中表現(xiàn)出了良好的性能，被認(rèn)為是與廣泛使用的傳統(tǒng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)(CAC)的強(qiáng)大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。干燥劑蒸發(fā)冷卻技術(shù)環(huán)保，可用于調(diào)節(jié)建筑物室內(nèi)環(huán)境。與傳統(tǒng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)不同，除濕空調(diào)系統(tǒng)可以由太陽(yáng)能和工業(yè)廢熱等低級(jí)熱源驅(qū)動(dòng)。在這項(xiàng)研究中，重點(diǎn)是通過使用太陽(yáng)能來降低空調(diào)能力、節(jié)省燃料和減少排放。
關(guān)鍵詞：太陽(yáng)能，除濕空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，加濕，除濕，常規(guī)空調(diào) 太陽(yáng)能作為一種可再生能源，越來越受到世界各國(guó)的重視。太陽(yáng)系可分為兩類:這些是將太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)換成熱能的熱系統(tǒng)和將太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能的光伏系統(tǒng)。然而，更多落在光伏電池上的太陽(yáng)輻射不是轉(zhuǎn)換成電能，而是反射或轉(zhuǎn)換成熱能。由于光伏電池工作溫度的升高，這種方法導(dǎo)致電轉(zhuǎn)換效率下降。
在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，科學(xué)界在兩個(gè)主要方面付出了很大努力來實(shí)現(xiàn)住房的能源可持續(xù)性；這些國(guó)家正在減少外部能源供應(yīng)，其余國(guó)家則使用可再生能源。在這兩方面，太陽(yáng)能都越來越受歡迎，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)黾恿四茉吹莫?dú)立性和可持續(xù)性，同時(shí)對(duì)環(huán)境幾乎沒有影響。
現(xiàn)代舒適的生活條件是以巨大的能源為代價(jià)的。全球變暖和臭氧消耗，以及過去幾年化石燃料對(duì)建筑能源系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和控制的成本上升。太陽(yáng)能資源豐富、清潔，用太陽(yáng)能替代傳統(tǒng)能源具有重要意義。因此太陽(yáng)能在建筑能源系統(tǒng)中起著重要作用。
化石燃料越來越稀缺，成本越來越高，減少溫室氣體排放的激勵(lì)措施也使得人們對(duì)太陽(yáng)能越來越感興趣。太陽(yáng)能價(jià)格低廉，能夠滿足家庭全年的需求。不幸的是，它的間歇性和隨天氣條件、時(shí)間和季節(jié)的變化導(dǎo)致供暖需求和太陽(yáng)能供應(yīng)之間的不匹配。
空調(diào)系統(tǒng)安裝在建筑物中，為居住者提供健康和生產(chǎn)環(huán)境。在廣泛使用的能源效率低的傳統(tǒng)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行中消耗了大量的能量，這導(dǎo)致了一些與能源生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的環(huán)境問題，例如空氣污染、全球變暖和酸雨。
從最近的研究來看，這些建筑消耗了全球約