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但通常無出處,所以常排除。特征詞:best、first、last、no、all、none、primally、best、always、never、main、more?than?.as?.as?.、only、sole、unique4.例證原則:例子本身不重,所支持的觀點、論斷最重要。做題技巧:------細節(jié)題:1. 文章議論順序和出題順序一致;2. 從題干中尋找典型的特征詞回原文中定位;常用定位詞:時間,地點,人名,特征名詞及其定語3. 從選項當(dāng)中尋找一個與所定位內(nèi)容意思最接近的作為正確答案。排除法:1。分清有無,2。分清強弱,3。分清主次,4。分清正反,5。分清寬窄,6。分清全偏。* **選項中有以下幾個詞則排除:totally, palatly, unlimitely.------態(tài)度題:永遠不可能為答案的詞:indifrent(漠不關(guān)心的),subjuct(主觀的)常選詞:樂觀、贊揚:positive(支持),accurate,optimistic(樂觀的)中立: objective(客觀的)在自然科學(xué)文章中常作正確選項neutral(中立的)在自然科學(xué)文章中常作正確選項悲觀、批評:critical(批評的),nejative,pessimistic(悲觀的)出處:1。主題句,2。例證的傾向性,3,修飾語的感情色彩------topic題(1個):1. 文章的topic(議論對象、說明對象)必須存在于正確答案當(dāng)中;在文章中尋找topic:從前不從后,從多不從少。2. 排除:文章所談的細節(jié)內(nèi)容和段落內(nèi)容永遠不可能成為答案;3. 主題句的出處:文章首句 或 首段末句 或 二段首句。------infer題(1—2個):1. 基本原則:從選項當(dāng)中尋找一個與原文意思最相近的作為正確答案;2. 從選項下手,運用排除法。------詞匯和指代合在一起(出一題): 外語下載中心1. 指代:在文章中找到位置往前找,離它最近的名詞、詞組和句子;2. 詞匯:從該詞附近的定語從句、同位語、同位語從句、逗號和破折號中間的插入語并列結(jié)構(gòu)去猜詞。(一)聽力題型分析 i、a節(jié)(section a)1、問題類型a節(jié)每組對話一般是在一男一女之間進行的一問一答。問題一般由先講話的人提出。題目均以問句形式出現(xiàn),其中多數(shù)是特殊疑問句。這些問題涉及的內(nèi)容大致歸納如下: a、多用來問以下內(nèi)容:1)問“是什么、要什么、討論什么、什么種類”等,如: what is the man39。39。s answer? what does the woman want for lunch? what are they talking about? what kind of books does the man want to borrow? 2)問“做什么”,如:what does the woman tell the man to do first? what are the speakers doing now? what will happen if john fails the exam? 3)問“什么含義”,如:what does the man mean(imply)? what does the woman39。39。s answer suggest? 4)問“從對話中能獲得什么信息或結(jié)論”,如: what can we learn from the conversation? what can be concluded from this conversation? 5)問“對某人或某事有什么看法”,如: what does the man think of miss brown? what does the woman think of the plan? b、a節(jié)中用提出的問題主要問“對話可能是在什么場所發(fā)生的”,即: where does this conversation most probably take place? where does this conversation most likely occur? where are the man and woman? c、可能問以下幾個方面的情況: 1)問鐘點(可用替換),如:man(m): what time did yesterday39。39。s football match start? woman(w): it was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an (q): when did the game finally start? 2)問在哪個星期或星期幾(后者可用替換),如: w: i thought to go to town have some shopping to : don39。39。t spend too much, i won39。39。t get paid until next : when will he be paid? 3)問日期,如:when will the winter vacation begin? d、用提問的問題可以問原因,也可以問目的,如: 外語下載中心why is the man late? why did the man repair the car by himself? e、可能問對話者某一方的身份、對話人之間的關(guān)系或?qū)υ捴猩婕暗降钠渌说那闆r,如: w: may i help you ,sir? m: i hope 39。39。s my brought it in to be repaired, but i39。39。ve lost the : who is the man? f、主要針對以下內(nèi)容提問:1)問做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具,如: how did the teacher usually begin his class? how does the man usually go to work? 2)問“對某事的感受如何”,如: how does the man feel about the movie? how do you like the film? g、問“多少”,屬于涉及數(shù)字的題,可能有以下幾種形式: how many persons...? how many dozens of...does...want? how much does...? how old is...? how long does it take...to...? a節(jié)的問句根據(jù)疑問詞劃分,大致可以歸為以上七類。a節(jié)中偶爾也有個別一般疑問句。但也可能出現(xiàn)其它類型的問句,(如以whom,whose,which提問),或針對以上未歸納的內(nèi)容進行提問。(二)2、對話內(nèi)容分類若按對話內(nèi)容分類,則可分為以下幾種類型: a、時間類:包括直接型和計算型。如:w: your library books are due on december you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them : thank you very only need them for a few : when must the man return his books to the library? b、數(shù)字類:包括直接型和計算型。如: w: do you live in a college dormitory? m: yes, i 39。39。s a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live : how many people share the suite now? c、地點類:包括直接型和含蓄型。如: m: i need to cash this check? w: will you step right over to the teller39。39。s window, please? q: where is the conversation most probably taking place? d、否定類:此類對話既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定詞,也有 but,although等轉(zhuǎn)折詞,或由would rather,too...to結(jié)構(gòu)及虛擬語氣等表達。因此,對于后者要特別加以注意。如: m: ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me? w: i wish i could help went shopping i have only two dollars till the end of the : will the man borrow any money from the woman? 此題的答案肯定是no。聽這段話時要抓住i wish i could help 。這句話雖然從表面上看是外語下載中心肯定式,但卻隱含著i39。39。m sorry i can39。39。t help 。e、人物類:包括人物關(guān)系、人物身份兩類。此類對話提供一個情節(jié),能反映所涉及的人的關(guān)系或身份。如: m: good evening, is a table for two over way, : thank i see the menu, please? q: what39。39。s the relationship between the man and woman? a)husband and )waiter and )salesman and )host and 、活動類:這一類談話內(nèi)容可涉及上課、娛樂、工作、日常生活等各種情況。如:w: are you going to new york next weekend? m: yes, i39。39。m going to look up bill while i39。39。m : what39。39。s the man going to do? 這類對話中往往先后出現(xiàn)幾種情況,要注意聽問句是什么,然后再作出選擇。(三)3、幾種常見的解題方法a節(jié)中的對話雖然簡短,但多數(shù)情況下,往往不能從聽到的內(nèi)容中找到與選擇項內(nèi)容完全相同的部分,即對話中一般沒有現(xiàn)成的答案。因此,在聽的時候要注意抓住選擇項的同義或反義詞(組)用辨別法答題(解活動類多用此方法),或根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容采用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。用這種方法答題,類型不僅僅限于諸如“what does the man mean?”這樣的題目,其它如含蓄人物類、人物身份類、含蓄地點類、否定類題目也與此類似。如:w: how do you like the play you saw last night? m: well, i should have stayed at : what does the man think of the play? a)it is )it is )he didn39。39。t see the )he like it very “i should have stayed at home.”(我真該待在家里),這句話已婉轉(zhuǎn)地表明他不喜歡這出戲,而對沒有待在家里表示遺憾、后悔(should have done something這種結(jié)構(gòu)可用來表示“對應(yīng)該發(fā)生而實際上沒有發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾、后悔或譴責(zé))。能使他產(chǎn)生此感想的原因自然是”the play is boring.“(演出令人厭煩),因而b是正確的答案。否定類題目多含有虛擬語氣、語氣否定、暗示比喻、強化意見等形式。這一節(jié)屬于此數(shù)字類題目的對話中,多出現(xiàn)兩處,甚至三、四處數(shù)字或時間,因此,除了用辨別方法外,有時必須用計算方法才能得出正確答案.(四)四六級英語寫作類型1. 體裁:說明文,議論文 最近幾年的四六級作文的體裁以說明文和議論文為主。說明文如:how to succeed in a job interview(2000,12,四級), how i finance my college education(2000,1 四級), practice makes perfect,haste makes waste(97,1 六級)議論文如:don39。39。t hesitate to say ”no“(99,1 四級和六級), can money buy happiness(95,1 四級), is a test of spoken english necessary?(2000,6 四級)reading selectively or extensively?(99,6六級),do ”lucky numbers“ really bring good luck?(98,6 四級和六級)2.段落類型:比較/對比,列舉,程序等 說明和議論文章所采用的文章擴展模式一般以比較/對照,舉例、列舉、因果、程序等者居多。如:don39。39。t hesitate to say ”no“, reading selectively or extensively等很多四六級寫作中都涉及到兩種觀點的對比,整體的段落類型為對照型。practice makes perfect, harmfulness of 外語下載中心fake modities等可采用因果行的段落結(jié)構(gòu)模式,也可以采用舉例說明的結(jié)構(gòu)模式。advantages of a job interview則應(yīng)采用列舉的段落擴展模式。3. 出題方式:提綱式寫作,中文提綱,一般為三句或兩句。如:99年1月份考題directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a position on the topic: don39。39。t hesitate to say ”no“.you should write at least 100 words and you should base your position on t