【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 t in the Western Zhou december of 1997,the ancient city of Pingyao was listed into the “World Cultural Heritage List”.現(xiàn)在這座平遙城始建于何時，歷史上沒有明確記載。，也曾多次遭受戰(zhàn)火的破壞。我們現(xiàn)在看到的這座城墻，是明代洪武三年，即1370年把原來的土城墻加高加厚加磚擴(kuò)建而成的，明清以來雖曾數(shù)次維修，但風(fēng)格未變。there wasnt any accurate record about when this acient city what we see now have been the long history,it has experienced prosperous and also has witnessed many city walls that we see,which is extended the old city walls in Ming it have been overhaouled many times in Qing Dynasty,but its style has never ，像文廟大成殿、清虛觀、市樓、城隆廟、武廟戲臺等。漫步街頭，還會看到各種古色古香的院門、院埔、精雕細(xì)刻的古建筑裝飾，甚至還能看到門前的接馬石樁、下馬石等，一派古城風(fēng)貌。the city saved many ancient the domestic house on the streets,it remained the basic flavor of ming and qing u walking down the street,u will see many antique gate,richly carved ancient decoration.(過惠濟(jì)橋)我們現(xiàn)在正行駛在惠濟(jì)橋上，惠濟(jì)橋是一座九拱石橋，修建于清代康熙年間，同治年間重建。清代名宿傅山先生曾親筆為它寫道碑記。，沒有像一般石橋那樣高高隆起，便于車馬行走。而且更有一個奇處，就是這座橋下還有一座橋。下面的橋不見文字記載，人們原來也不知道。1977年8月，一場暴雨造成特大洪災(zāi)，滾滾洪水帶走了不少淤積多年的河沙。水退后，人們驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)：原來惠濟(jì)橋疊架在舊橋的橋面上，形成橋上橋的奇觀。利用舊橋做新橋的牢固基礎(chǔ)，既節(jié)省財力、人力，又省時間，多聰明的構(gòu)思叼!這在造橋史上也是一個奇跡。now we are walking on the Huiji bridge,this is a stone bridge with nine arches which has been build in Qing history not so long,but it has beautifully shaped,and a flat easy for walking on ,there is another bridge under this one,it has been found because a heavy flood taken away the river old briage was used as the foundation of the new is a miracle in briage building 。(帶游客進(jìn)“下東門”)這里就是乎遙古城的“下東門”。大家看這高達(dá)12米的城墻多雄偉、多壯觀。在城外。this is the Taihe gate ,we could see this tenmeter high is was a moat outside the city,and there was a suspension bridge over this those days of the scourge of war,this is an impenetrable[im39。penitr?bl] ，它是為保衛(wèi)城門而設(shè)立的。城門是城墻上的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。這里地方根小，四周為高墻圍護(hù)，即便敵人攻入甕城也只能進(jìn)來少數(shù)人，而且立即陷入包圍之中，成為甕中之鱉。有的甕城門并不是開在城門對面。這些設(shè)計思想都是古人在長期實(shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗中總結(jié)出來的。after we came in ,this is a small town outside the Taihe build for defend the is the weak link over the city small town did a lot to protect this space in here is small,only a small moiety of the enemy could attact they were trapped ,just like turtles in a ?原來這是一座小關(guān)帝廟。，卻是平遙人的獨(dú)特創(chuàng)造。請大家隨我進(jìn)城，上城墻參觀。we could see a small yard build decorated in the small town outside the city was a Guandi Temple is a military sage in ancient Chinese the whole,every chinese admire him,include in this place they build guandi temple inside the small town ,that is a unique creation,different from other ,lets go up and have a 。這座建在城墻上的臺，傳說就是尹吉甫的點(diǎn)將臺。尹吉甫是周宣王的大將，在歷史上游藩有名，《律經(jīng)沖的《較高》、《冠R2等幾首詩就是他作的、前面提到的那有名的對北方游牧民族0l猶的北伐，就是由他指揮的。為了鞏固北伐的成果，他還在這里修建了京陵城。尹吉甫遺跡這里還有多處。在京陵村附近還有一處村茁叫尹村，傳說是尹吉甫當(dāng)年駐兵酌地方。在上東門外有尹吉甫募，募前一通明代石碑上大書“周卿士ZJ吉甫神道”八字。上東門里還有一座紀(jì)念尹吉甫的小廟。now we are here,there could be have a citygate tower before,but it had been ruined in the tower build on the wall was used for Yijifu ,a very famous general in ancient china,exhorted his men to fight well in the 。now please e with me ,lets have a close look at the structure of the ancient city.(，約走2—3個墩臺即可停下)我們看城墻上兩邊各有一道短堵，叫女兒墻，為什么叫女兒墻呢?宋代官府編寫的《營造法式》上有個書面解釋：“言其卑小。比之于城，若女子與丈夫也。”意思是說城墻高大厚實(shí)，保偉丈夫。女墻單薄短小，像弱女子。民間有的地方卻流傳著這樣的故事：早先城上并沒有女兒墻，有一次一個老人被拉來做工。一天，一位累極了的民工昏昏沉沉中競走到城墻邊上，小女孩伯他掉下城去，用力向里推他，不料用力過大，民工雖得救了，小女孩卻摔死了。為了紀(jì)念她，工匠們在城上修起了矮墻，并把它叫做女兒墻。這實(shí)在是個感人的故事，但確實(shí)說明了女兒墻的保護(hù)性功能。我們看：兩邊的女兒場并不一樣，向外的女兒墻上還修筑了垛口。we could see,there is a short wall on each side of the city called can say it “ girls wall” with the city walls,this short wall is too weak,just like a weaker this there is a story has been going round:there isnt girls wall in the city walls earlier,once,a old man was enforced to came to build the city brought his little granddaughter came with him day,a rural worker who looked very tired,he steped into the edge of the city walls unconscious,the old man39。s granddaughter afraid of him will fall down,so she pushed him back out of the edge,but she make too strenuous efforts,she saved the rural worker but the little girl slipped and dropped to her the craftsmen build the short wall and named it “girls wall” in memory of that little is a moving story,its main purpose is telling the protective function of the short can discover the short walls in both side is quite build a fort in the short wall in the side which is outward ,it also keep ostiole for looking out and shooting,that in order to met the demond of ，城墻每閑一段，就有一個向外突出的部分。，上面既可射下去，下面也可射上來，因此守城的士兵輕易不敢探出身去。這樣，城墻腳下反麗成丁防御的死角。、從三面組成一個強(qiáng)大的立體射擊網(wǎng)，城防力量大大加強(qiáng)。在每個塌臺上，還修有一座敵樓，上面有孔，也是為觀察和射擊用的。i think most people may already noticed that ,there is a part outward on the Wall spaced at regular distances from one called pier,what does it used for?it used for protect the know that,bow and arrow and bending machine was the most important weapon in ancient times,not only they could shot an arrow downside,but the people who stood under the walls could also shot up ,those soldiers couldnt leaned out thier body if we had a pier,we had a three dimensions net for the city walls is closely is a watchtower on each pier,it has ostiole in there too,it used for looking out and ，還有自己獨(dú)特的地方。except those mon character,the city also have its unique ，(指形狀獨(dú)特的魁星樓)。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，古城上共有3000個垛口、72廢敵樓，那是象征著文圣人孔夫子的三千弟子七十二賢人。the city walls is t