【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 reas that did not manifest Figure 1. Chart correlating liquefaction severity index with the thickness of non liquefiable cap layer in order to define zones defined by the presence or absence of liquefaction at the ground surface(Sonmez et al., 2021). They concluded that the occurrence or not of liquefaction effects at the ground surface for sites not affected by lateral spread or ground oscillation are generally correctly predicted by the diagrams proposed by Ishihara (1985) and that sites where liquefactioninduced ground oscillation and lateral spreading effects were observed, are poorly predicted (Youd amp。 Garris, 1995). Furthermore, Yuan et al. (2021) and Chu et al. (2021) applied the charts proposed by Ishihara (1985) in cases associated with the 1999 ChiChi earthquake. The former study concluded that these diagrams match the data with only a few exceptions and the latter one that the liquefied sites were inconsistent with the method of Ishihara (1985). Sonmez et al. (2021) designed a new chart for assessing the potential for liquefaction effects to manifest at the ground surface by correlating the Liquefaction Severity Index (LSI) with the thickness of nonliquefiable cap layer. Their data were collected from insitu tests performed in liquefied and nonliquefied sites triggered by the earthquakes that occurred in Turkey and Taiwan in 1999. The proposed chart (Fig. 1) is divided in three zones,defined as:where liquefactioninduced ground surface disruption may be observed (zone A), liquefactioninduced ground surface disruption may is not observed (zone C) and a transition area between zones A and C (zone B). However, as Sonmez et al (2021) pointed out, the Ishihara procedure only takes into account the cap layer and the underlying liquefiable layer and doesnot consider the presence of a number of alternating liquefied and nonliquefiedlayers and their bined effects. Sonmez et al. (2021) used the liquefaction severity index instead of the thickness of liquefiable layer. This study avoids this limitation by developing a diagram that can be used for the prediction of liquefaction surface manifestation based on the correlation of the thickness of the nonliquefiable cap layer, H, with the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI). This index, LPI, was selected because it can describe the performance of the whole soil column as noted by several researchers (Iwasaki et 。Sonmez etal. 2021。 Papathanassiou, 2021。 Holzer, 2021).The data that were used in this study were provided by SPT tests conducted in areas with and without surface liquefaction effects after the Kocaeli, Turkey 1999, ChiChi, Taiwan 1999 and Lefkada, Greece 2021 events. Dataset And The Estlmation of Lpt The dataset In this study, the dataset piled by Papathanassiou (2021) was used. This included 79 SPT borings from postearthquake insitu tests at liquefied and nonliquefied sites in Taiwan, Turkey and Greece were collected. data from the 1999 ChiChi, Taiwan,earthquake,was downloaded from ines/research_projects/3A02 and . Information from the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, was downloaded from data from the 2021 Lefkada, Greece earthquake were obtained from 9 SPT borings collected by Kede (2021). The Taiwanese SPT data was from sites where lateral spreading, building settlement or sand boils were observed and sites without evidence of liquefaction. The SPT data from Turkey was from the town of Adapazari, at sites where phenomena such as sand boils and building settlement were observed, and at sites where liquefactioninduced lateral spreading phenomena occurred (Bray et al., 2021). The SPT profiles, from the 2021 Lefkada earthquake, Greece, were drilled mainly in the municipality of the island. Evaluating the factor of safety against liquefaction to get the LPI of the soil column In this study, the factor of safety against liquefaction per layer, fs, was initially calculated as the ratio of CRR (cyclic resistance ratio) to the CSR (cyclic stress ratio),based on the deterministic procedure,monly referred to as thesimplified procedure (Seed amp。 Idriss,1971。Seed et al., 1985 and Youd et al., 2021). The moment magnitude Mw of ChiChi (Taiwan), Kocaeli (Turkey) and Lefkada (Greece) earthquakes was , and meanpeakhorizontal acceleration in the Taiwanese towns of Yanlin, nantou,Wufeng,dachun and Zangbin was g, g, g (Chu et al., 2021) and g, g(Juang, 2021),respectively. The data set for the Kocaeli 1999 earthquakeis fromSPT borings in the towns of Adapazari and Yalova, where the recorded valuesof PGA were equal to maximum ground acceleration recorded in the town of Lefkada (Greece) was g (ITSAK, 2021) while in the villages of Vassiliki and nydri the PGA was estimated as g and g, respectively (Christaras et al., 2021). The liquefaction potential index (LPI) was calculated for each approach was proposed by Iwasaki et al. (1982) to better estimate the potentialliquefaction LPI is calculated using the following equation: LPI=?0zF(z)W(z)dz (1) Where z is the depth below the ground surface in meters and is calculated= 10 。