【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 們，不要問你們的國家能為你們做些什麼，而要問你們能為你們的國家做些什麼。 fellow citizens of the world: Ask not what America will do for you,but what together we cando for the freedom of ，不要問美國將為你們做些什么，而要問我們大家一起能為人類的自由做些什么。反復(fù)：第二十三，第二十四段使用反復(fù)的修詞手法。,whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world,ask of us the same highstandards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of a good conscience our only surereward,with history the final judge of our deeds,let us go forth to lead the land we love,askingHis blessing and His help,but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our ，無論我的美國同胞還是世界各國的公民們，請用我們要求于你們的力量和犧牲精神同樣的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來要求我們。我們唯一確信的報賞是對得起我們的良心（我們問心無愧）,歷史是我們行動的最后見證人，讓我們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們所熱愛的國家向前進(jìn)，請求上帝的保佑和幫助，但是，要知道在這個星球上，上帝的工作真正的是我們自己的工作。第二篇：肯尼迪就職演說Inaugural Address(January 20,1961)By John We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and threequarters world is very different man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man e not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been mitted, and to which we are mitted today at home and around the every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of much we pledge—and those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful , there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative , there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split those new states whom we wele to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron shall not always expect to find them supporting our we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom, and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up o those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required, not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of this peaceful revolution of hope cannot bee the prey of hostile all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support to prevent it from being merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may , to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental “肯尼迪總統(tǒng)就職演說詞” ■北京外國語大學(xué) 李品偉 選評美國總統(tǒng)就職演說詞獨具一格，而肯尼迪的講演更是其中一篇為人們注目的代表作，字字句句經(jīng)過刻意雕琢，有許多值得品味推敲之處。它講的是美國人為之驕傲的美國歷史傳統(tǒng)，講的是美國的外交政策。半個世紀(jì)以前的國際形勢與今天大不相同：勢不兩立的兩大陣營、激烈的軍備競賽、持續(xù)的冷戰(zhàn)局面。這些在文章中可見端倪?？墒?，在肯尼迪的全篇演說中，沒有直截了當(dāng)?shù)貙H形勢進(jìn)行分析，更沒有一處提到一個國家的名字或具體事例，一切都隱晦、委婉、模糊不清，用的只是to friend and foe alike, to those nations who...等，沒有經(jīng)歷或不熟悉那一段時期歷史的人也許會摸不著頭腦。不奇怪，這些在一定程度上代表了西方政治家的風(fēng)格。21世紀(jì)的今天，全球化(globalization)成了全世界所關(guān)注的問題，也成了人們天天在重復(fù)的一個詞語，從形勢上與此篇講演的背景很有可比較之處，但這里我們主要是就此篇講演中如何沿襲古希臘、羅馬的修辭、文風(fēng)，如何精心選用圣經(jīng)語言句式，講演稿如何注意音韻效果等問題分別舉例討論而已。因篇幅有限，只選用了前11段，未選全文。inaugural address 指就職演說詞。一般來說，演說詞在英語里是speech,用address這個詞是比較少的。如果要說兩者有什么差別的話，無非是風(fēng)格上及使用場合上的區(qū)別。前者是一個普通的詞，而address從風(fēng)格上來說更為莊重，指正式的致辭，除了總統(tǒng)演說詞之外，也用于學(xué)校畢業(yè)典禮上校長的演說詞等。第一段第一個動詞observe一般作“觀察”解，但這里“觀察”一看就說不通，說不通就可以試著通過上下文來推斷或查一下詞典。如果你的詞典里observe有三個釋義，那么你就要注意第二或第三個釋義了，你的推斷如果是“慶?！?，那就對了，此時它的英語等同語應(yīng)該是celebrate,其賓語可以是這篇文章中的victory,(a celebration of)freedom。其他常見的搭配還有什么呢？有節(jié)日（festivals），有生日（birthdays），有周年紀(jì)念（anniversaries）等。這幾個賓語中的birthday因為太普通了，可能用得少些。用得多的應(yīng)該是anniversaries，因為它較之其他兩個更為莊重。從選詞風(fēng)格的角度來說，我們會注意到文章一開始有某些不太常用的詞，如：forebears, prescribes等，可以說forbears這個詞在中、小型詞典中往往是查不到的，你必須查較大的詞典。它的意思是祖先、祖宗，也就是我們一般熟悉的ancestor。兩者用法上有所不同，那就是ancestor的單數(shù)很常見，而forebear則總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式forebears出現(xiàn)，從風(fēng)格上，更具古風(fēng)。Collins Co Build的Essential English Dictionary關(guān)于這個字的旁注是：N count（可數(shù)名詞）/ （一般復(fù)數(shù)）/ Formal（正式）；而ancestor的旁注則沒有后面兩點，由此可見兩者的細(xì)微差別。prescribe這個動詞你不一定見得多，如見到，也多半是它的名詞形式prescription（處方）。prescription是常用詞，而動詞prescribe則較常用于正式場合。關(guān)于這個動詞同一詞典有這樣的第2條釋義：If someone prescribes an action or duty, they state formally that it must be carried ，意思不是別的而是“命令”，必須執(zhí)行。第二段以一個短句開始，與第一段的長句正好相反。唱歌讀詩有節(jié)奏，句子與句子、段與段的關(guān)聯(lián)也有節(jié)奏，如果一篇文章自始至終是緩慢而沉重的長句，讀起來就沉重、缺乏起伏。所以第二段的一個短句不單起著承上啟下的作用，而且還有速度上適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)的作用，賦予了段落一種節(jié)奏感。另外在用詞方面，你會注意到這里又一次出現(xiàn)了forebears，而且還有一個在層次和風(fēng)格上可與之稱兄道弟的mortal hands與它做伴，在一般情況下我們見到的也許會是...holds in his hands the power to...，這里卻多了mortal這一個大家不一定熟悉的詞。mortal屬非常用詞，詞義可以是：不能不死的，不共戴天的，性命