【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 北方地區(qū)連續(xù)發(fā)生10余次揚(yáng)沙、浮塵和沙塵暴天氣,造成部分地區(qū)機(jī)場關(guān)閉、交通中斷,其頻率之高、來勢之猛、影響范圍之大,不斷刷新新中國成立以來的沙塵暴和沙塵災(zāi)害紀(jì)錄。2008年初我國南方大面積的冰雪災(zāi)害,叫人不得不聯(lián)想氣候變化的影響和危害。At the turn of the century in 1998, a nationwide flooding last one hundred days, countless fertile land, homes, was destroyed by the flood frequency of dense, big, wide river basin of the scope of the flood flow, rare in one total of 29 provinces(area, city)suffered different degrees of floods, the affected 230 million people, the death toll of 3000 people, around for direct economic loss of billion first spring of the new century, the continuous occurred in north China more than 10 times flying sand, dust and sandstorm weather, causing parts of airports and disrupted traffic, its frequency is high, with fierce, influence scope of large, constantly refreshed since the founding of the dust storms and dust disaster on areas of snow and ice disaster in early 2008, the south of China, people have to lenovo, the effects of climate change and 、水土流失。沙塵暴的背后是沙漠化、荒漠化。氣候變化背后是氣候變暖,極端天氣增加和自然災(zāi)害的頻發(fā)。事實(shí)上,中國的生態(tài)危機(jī)遠(yuǎn)不止此,當(dāng)前全世界普遍存在的沙漠化、水土流失、干旱缺水、洪澇災(zāi)害、物種滅絕、溫室效應(yīng)加劇等六大生態(tài)危機(jī),每七一樣都與森林的植被破壞息息相關(guān)。新中國成立后的近半個世紀(jì)的時間里,由于國家經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的需要,以木材生產(chǎn)為主一直是中國林業(yè)的首要任務(wù)。中國林業(yè)的狀況產(chǎn)出多于投入,中國生態(tài)的狀況破壞大于治理,總體形勢十分嚴(yán)峻。The flood is behind vegetation damage, soil and water loss。Sandstorm is behind desertification, desertification。Behind climate change, climate warming, extreme weather and frequent natural fact, China39。s ecological crisis is much more than this, the current widespread all over the world desertification, soil erosion, drought, floods, species extinction, the greenhouse effect intensifying ecological crisis, and so on six big every seven as is closely related to forest vegetation half a century after the founding of new China, as a result of the need of national economic construction, mainly wood production has always been the priority of China39。s status of the Chinese forestry output more than input, the status of the ecological damage is greater than the governance in China, the overall situation is very ,隨著國家六大林業(yè)生態(tài)工程的相繼啟動,我國的林業(yè)生態(tài)體系建設(shè)步入了快速發(fā)展軌道,近年來生態(tài)環(huán)境的恢復(fù)和治理成效顯著,生態(tài)環(huán)境整體惡化的趨勢得到了初步遏制,局部乃至區(qū)域性的生態(tài)環(huán)境開始好轉(zhuǎn)。但是,由于經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的調(diào)整發(fā)展生態(tài)建設(shè)面臨的形勢依然十分嚴(yán)峻,森林生態(tài)基礎(chǔ)還十分脆弱,生態(tài)建設(shè)的速度與高速發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)不相協(xié)調(diào),部分地區(qū)水土流失仍呈上升趨勢,洪澇、干旱、沙塵暴等自然災(zāi)害頻發(fā),極端性天氣增多等主要原因:The end of the 20th century, with the country the six forestry ecological engineering of successively launched, our country39。s forestry ecology system construction entered a rapid development track, in recent years, the recovery of ecological environment and governance effect significantly, the overall ecological environment deterioration trend got preliminary control, local and regional ecological environment begins to , due to the adjustment of the economic and social development situation is still very severe ecological construction, forest ecological base is very fragile, the speed of ecological construction in harmony with the high speed development of economy, is still on the rise in parts of the soil and water loss, flood, drought, dust storms and other natural disasters, more extreme weather such as main reason:我國森林資源底子薄,表現(xiàn)在問題不足,人均森林面積不到世界平均水平的1/4,人均森林蓄積不到世界平均水平的1/6。質(zhì)量不高,平均每公頃林分蓄積量僅是世界平均水平的85%左右。分布不均,我國森林資源主要分布在東部沿海工區(qū)和東北地區(qū),西部森林資源極度匱乏。經(jīng)營水平低,人工林經(jīng)營水平不高,樹種單一,林木過量采伐現(xiàn)象依然存在。1, forest resources in our country, a poor performance in the problem of insufficient, forest area per capita is less than 1/4 of the world average, per capitaforest accumulation is less than 1/6 of the world average。Quality is not high, the average per hectare forest stock volume is only about 85% of the world average。Distribution of forest resources in China are mainly distributed in the eastern coastal area and northeast China, the western extreme scarcity of forest resources。Management level is low, plantation management level is not high, single species, forest harvesting phenomenon still 、人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)整增長帶來對森林資源的高需求,森林資源與社會需求之間的 仍相當(dāng)尖銳,帶來森林資源的巨大消耗。2, the population, adjust the economic growth brings the high demand for forest resources, forest resources and the social demand is still very sharp, brings the huge consumption of forest 、林業(yè)投入長期不足。近年啟動的國家林業(yè)六大生態(tài)工程的建設(shè)資金主要來自國債資金,國家財政資金所占比重不高,生態(tài)建設(shè)投入保障體系尚未建