【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ngs so that contemporary needs can be served? is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the , formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them you think university education should be more openminded and free? and what aspect of your university life should be improved? laws are important for the security of our society, but there are many cases of injustice based on rigid laws be fixed or flexible? please explain your vies with qualities do you look for in a boyfriend/girlfriend? would be your major consideration in choosing a job and why? is more important in your career, to make money or to be satisfied with your work? is more important for you: knowledge from books or personal experience: you could live in a different time and place, what time and place would you choose? is your view on public displays of affection such as kissing on campus? you think married couples have a better life without children? you please tell us, in your opinion, what makes life worthwhile? we allowing the internet to intrude too far into our private lives? we need so many television channels? it time to scrap the may and october golden week holidays? you think people today are any closer to achieving a peaceful and harmonious future or harmonious world than confucius, who lived 2000 years ago? bargaining be outlawed and traders be required to advertise a fixed price for what they sell? it be left to university students to balance their private lives and their studies? the sacrifice of modesty in the interests of achieving success be justified do you think is more important for a child, a happy childhood or top marks at school? should be the focus of investment in sport, the general population or potential olympic champions? boarding schools a good idea or are students better off at home? peking opera remain true to its roots or change with the times? modern society place too much emphasis on physical beauty? beijings historic main avenue be open to all, big cars and small cars? it right for major cities to lift the ban on firecrackers? a dependent husband a role model or a cause of embarrassment? beijing introduce a congestion charge to encourage drivers to use public transport and leave their cars at home? should take responsibility for the poor diet of children, fastfood restaurants or parents? the olympic ideal still relevant today? beijing a better or a worse city, as a result of the disappearance of the hutongs? retirement homes the answer in caring for chinas aging population? you could invite one historical figure to dinner, who would that be? what would you want to discuss with him or her? you could choose one thing that china could share with the rest of the world, what would that be? postgraduate study be a means of improving job prospects, rather than pursuing academic interests? it right that success in the sporting arena should open doors to a career in entertainment? you think big cities need more public transport instead of more private cars? you think that pretty female students have an advantage in job interviews? the benefits of the internet for students outweigh the potential harm? the yuan ming yuan, also known as the old summer palace, be restored? you think schools, including primary schools, should permit students to carry mobile phones? you think a policy of not allowing visitors on campus will harm a universitys image? the risk of exploitation too high a price for children to pay for fame? more important, job satisfaction or money? attribute is more important for an olympic champion, technique or mental strength? is better for the arts, private investment or government funding? about 4200 languages spoken worldwide, would it be more convenient if a universal language were adopted? famous people deserve constant public scrutiny, or should they have more protection from intrusive reporting? 如何應(yīng)對(duì)即興演講 來(lái)源：21英語(yǔ)網(wǎng) 作者：stephen lucas（《為成功而演講》）日期: 20100919 到目前為止我們討論了適用于各種公眾演講的普遍原則。現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)看即興演講，也被稱作臨場(chǎng)的、即席的或是無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的演講。在“21世紀(jì)杯”比賽中，選手們完成已備演講之后作即興演講。下面是往屆比賽中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的一些即興演講題目：如果你可以生活在另外一個(gè)不同時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，你將如何選擇？對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)哪種知識(shí)更為重要：書本上學(xué)來(lái)的還是從個(gè)人經(jīng)歷取得的？你認(rèn)為中國(guó)人世將會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家有何主要影響？大學(xué)生能否結(jié)婚？如果你是人大代表，你對(duì)政府有何建議？你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，即興演講題目的話題涉及面很廣，包含從個(gè)人到政治，從校園熱點(diǎn)到時(shí)事等各個(gè)方面。在“21世紀(jì)杯”演講比賽的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中，即興演講最具挑戰(zhàn)性。它考驗(yàn)?zāi)悛?dú)立思考、迅速、透徹地分析問題以及在毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的前提下用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行有效交流的能力。因?yàn)樗羞x手都有充足的時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備已備演講，所以在這部分比賽中他們通常表現(xiàn)出色。但是到了即興演講部分很多人就變得言語(yǔ)結(jié)巴了。因此你若想取得前幾名的成績(jī)，就必須在即興演講中取得高分。即興演講對(duì)于使用母語(yǔ)演講的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)都是件難事，對(duì)于使用第二語(yǔ)言演講的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)就更是費(fèi)力了。然而，它為你以后走出校門步人社會(huì)提供了極好的鍛煉機(jī)會(huì)，因?yàn)榈侥菚r(shí)很多情況下都需要你立即清楚、有力地表達(dá)出自己的觀點(diǎn)。無(wú)論你在哪里演講，成功的即興演講最重要的因素都是縝密的思維和有條理的組織。在比賽中，你有三分鐘時(shí)間發(fā)表即興演講。首先確定你要闡述的兩至三個(gè)主要觀點(diǎn)，然后簡(jiǎn)明、清楚地加以討論。必要時(shí)使用實(shí)例、數(shù)據(jù)或證詞來(lái)支持你的觀點(diǎn)。因?yàn)楹芏嗉磁d演講題目都是在問你個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)，你可以在演講中充分利用自己的經(jīng)歷。最重要的是，一定要避免漫談和重復(fù)。闡明一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)之后就接下去談下一個(gè)。你可用“第一”、“第二”、“第三”這樣的路標(biāo)來(lái)明確每一個(gè)新觀點(diǎn)的出現(xiàn)，以方便觀眾理解。當(dāng)你的演講接近尾聲時(shí)，要用簡(jiǎn)練的話語(yǔ)作結(jié)，并為觀眾的關(guān)注表示感謝。當(dāng)你發(fā)表即興演講時(shí)，無(wú)論內(nèi)心多么緊張也要表現(xiàn)得冷靜、鎮(zhèn)定?；仡櫱懊嬲勄訄?chǎng)時(shí)我們?cè)岬剑罕M管你內(nèi)心緊張得發(fā)抖，觀眾看到的只是你的外顯行為。如果你在演講中發(fā)錯(cuò)音或忘記了思路，不要恐慌，即使你犯一個(gè)小錯(cuò)誤，觀眾很有可能無(wú)所察覺，你只需像什么都沒發(fā)生過(guò)一樣繼續(xù)你的演講。如果有一個(gè)較大的失誤，你只需大膽地說(shuō)：“對(duì)不起，我的本意是說(shuō)??”等等諸如此類的話，之后繼續(xù)你的演講。馬丁路德金發(fā)表《我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想》這一演說(shuō)的時(shí)候也有過(guò)三次失誤，但他并未理會(huì)這些過(guò)失，而觀眾始終關(guān)注的也只是他所要表達(dá)的思想內(nèi)容。像已備演講一樣，在即興演講部分你也要練習(xí)與觀眾保持眼神交流，避免有聲停頓。你打磕巴、思索恰當(dāng)詞語(yǔ)的次數(shù)越少，那么你看起來(lái)就越加完美、自信。如果你能夠有一個(gè)讓觀眾聽起來(lái)清楚、穩(wěn)重的語(yǔ)速，在演講的過(guò)程中始終保持沉著、冷靜，那么你將有更大的機(jī)會(huì)贏得評(píng)委們的好感。盡管比賽前你不可能知道即興演講的題目，但這并不意味著不到上場(chǎng)前你就無(wú)從準(zhǔn)備。當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備好參賽，就可以請(qǐng)指導(dǎo)教師給出一些例題，你來(lái)練習(xí)當(dāng)場(chǎng)發(fā)表即興演講來(lái)作答。在演練的過(guò)程中，尤其要注意我們前面提出的所有建議。練習(xí)的初期階段錄下自己演講的聲音，以檢查自己語(yǔ)言的邏輯性、清晰性、連貫性以及發(fā)音的準(zhǔn)確性。在練習(xí)的后期，你可用攝像機(jī)錄下自己的表現(xiàn)，確保自己看起來(lái)自信，始終保持眼神交流，避免分散注意力的手勢(shì)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。下面我們給出一段非常好的即興演講的例子，是2002年比賽的冠軍選手孫寧當(dāng)時(shí)所作的演講。他即興演講的題目是“假如你是中國(guó)第一名登月的宇航員，你可以在月球上留下三件物品，那么你會(huì)留下哪三件？” 謝謝!如果我是中國(guó)第一位登上月球的宇航員，我會(huì)帶下列三件物品：首先，我要帶一個(gè)玩具，更確切地說(shuō)是一個(gè)小型的玩具熊貓。熊貓是我們中國(guó)的國(guó)寶。眾所周知，我們中國(guó)的自然環(huán)境、生態(tài)環(huán)境以及自然氣候是得天獨(dú)厚的。大家也都知道四川是熊貓最佳的天然棲息地。當(dāng)你看到熊貓那滑稽的外表，憨態(tài)可掬的舉止，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它有著溫和的習(xí)性。它同其他物種相處和諧，和大自然和平共處，這些都是我們需要向大熊貓學(xué)習(xí)的。其次，我會(huì)帶一件手工藝品，那就是傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)繪畫。我小的時(shí)候?qū)W過(guò)幾年傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)繪畫，所以我希望這幅畫是我畫的。在我學(xué)畫畫的時(shí)候，我就知道留意畫中蘊(yùn)含的東西更為重要。在典型的中國(guó)繪畫中你也可以看到一首詩(shī)——通常是用雋秀的中國(guó)書法書寫而成，此外上面還會(huì)有一個(gè)印章。中國(guó)繪畫通常是臨摹秀麗的中國(guó)風(fēng)景。最后，我想帶一張世界地圖。也許你們中間有些人會(huì)感到很驚訝，為什么不是中國(guó)地圖呢？從各方面而言，我知道自己是一個(gè)中國(guó)人，然而我也意識(shí)到了在這個(gè)世界聯(lián)系日益密切的時(shí)代，我們還是世界的公民。我不能把我的視線僅僅局限在中國(guó)國(guó)界中，我要把目光放遠(yuǎn)，我也應(yīng)該清楚我們國(guó)界以外的海洋和陸地也是廣闊的。走出國(guó)門去了解它們對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)