【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 。Mary says you told her to e over 。，有時(shí)即使有過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：The story is set in the summer of 。The story begins in the year 。☆一般過(guò)去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式構(gòu)成，即在動(dòng)詞原形后加ed。例句：He was here just 。What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事？We often played together when we were 。He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t ，但現(xiàn)在不抽了。Whenever we were in trouble, he would help ，他都會(huì)幫助我們。At that time she was very good at 。He said he would wait until they came 。它也可以用來(lái)表示在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。這一點(diǎn)在表達(dá)意義上與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相同，只是所在的時(shí)間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子里常常有一個(gè)意義較具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的最大區(qū)別之一。一般過(guò)去時(shí)由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示，也就是說(shuō)動(dòng)詞詞末要加ed（除不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞外）。常和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：last night(week ，month , year , century , etc.), yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning(afternoon , evening), in 1999 , two hours ago(one week ago , tree years ago , ?)等等。使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，在某種意義上說(shuō)就是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候?！斑^(guò)去”的時(shí)間概念有兩層意思：一是指“現(xiàn)在某個(gè)時(shí)間”以前的時(shí)間；二是指“說(shuō)話(huà)、寫(xiě)文章的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”以前的時(shí)間，在這個(gè)意義上，“現(xiàn)在的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”是很小很小的，甚至于小到無(wú)法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving license last 。Where39。s Jim? 吉姆在哪里？He just went 。(1)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，由于時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的關(guān)系，可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在：I didn’t know you were 。(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在)I didn’t know you were so busy．我沒(méi)想到你這么忙。(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在)(2)表示客氣委婉的現(xiàn)在：I wondered if you were free this 。I thought you might like some 。【注】能這樣有的動(dòng)詞主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞。(3)用于某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中表示現(xiàn)在：It’s time we 。I wish I knew his 。I’d rather you lived closer to ?！咀ⅰ吭撚梅ㄖ饕糜?it’s time, I wish, I’d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)后接從句的情形，其中有些結(jié)構(gòu)后面的句子還可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)：I’d rather you came next 。另外表主觀(guān)想法的虛擬條件句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在：If I had the money now I’d buy a ，我就買(mǎi)輛小汽車(chē)?！钜话銓?lái)時(shí)由 will 加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，也可以用 shall 加動(dòng)詞原形。例如：Telephone me this ’ll be at ，我會(huì)在家。I’ll(shall/will)do a better job next 。The car won’t 。Oil and water will not 。主要用來(lái)描述將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在于未來(lái)的情況。這里所說(shuō)的“將來(lái)時(shí)間”是指“說(shuō)話(huà)、寫(xiě)文章那一刻以后的時(shí)間”。它的表示方法主要有如下幾種：1）shall / will + 動(dòng)詞原形這種表示方法是說(shuō)，動(dòng)作在現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā)生，要在將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生；它沒(méi)有主觀(guān)性，是“純粹的將來(lái)動(dòng)作”。例如：I shall / will not be free 。He will arrive here this 。2)be(am / is / are)+ going +不定式這種表示方法主要是說(shuō)明 A）“說(shuō)話(huà)人的意圖、打算”；B）“某種可能性”。例如：A)He is going to spend his holidays in 。Who is going to speak first? 誰(shuí)先發(fā)言？B)It is going to rain 。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他會(huì)幫我們收集資料嗎？If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the ，你會(huì)喜歡上那個(gè)地方的。3)be(am / is / are)+ 不定式表示方法描述兩鐘情況：按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間一般不會(huì)很遠(yuǎn)； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：A)The new bridge is to open to traffic in three 。The factory is to go into production before National 。B)You are not to bring any mobile munication means into the 。You are to stay home until your mother es 。4)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（限于某些動(dòng)詞）表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事。主要強(qiáng)調(diào)“按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事”。例如：Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下車(chē)嗎？The plane takes off at 11:00 。 is leaving for New York next 。1.“be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、傾向或必須、義務(wù)等。如：She is to play 。You are to make the necessary 。2.“be about to + 不定式”：表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有“即將”的意思，但不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：The package is about to e 。3.“be going + 不定式”：表示按計(jì)劃或安排打算去做某事，或表示有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事。如：We are going to call her this 。My sister’s going to have a baby this 。：主要表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事。如：The students are leaving on 。We’re having a party next 。：表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事。如：We have a holiday 。The train leaves at 10:04 this :04分開(kāi)?！瞵F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由 am/is/are 加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。例句：They’re having a 。I’m studying at an evening 。Mike is ing home on 。They’re having a party next 。You’re always interrupting me!你老打斷我的話(huà)!(抱怨)My father is always losing his car 。(不滿(mǎn))She’s always helping 。(贊揚(yáng))主要用來(lái)描述“說(shuō)話(huà)、寫(xiě)文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或是“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它適用于下面的情況：1）“說(shuō)話(huà)、寫(xiě)文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：They are having a football 。She is writing her term 。Someone is asking for you on the 。2）“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這種情況并不是說(shuō)某個(gè)動(dòng)作在說(shuō)話(huà)的那會(huì)兒正在發(fā)生，而是說(shuō)某個(gè)動(dòng)作在當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行著，或是重復(fù)地發(fā)生著。例如：He is preparing for CET Band 。How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么樣？3）表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的情感，如：贊許、批評(píng)；喜歡、厭惡等。這時(shí)的動(dòng)作并不是正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，而是表示經(jīng)常性，相當(dāng)于“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”所描述的情況。例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself.（表示贊許）他總是為他人著想，而不為自己。She is often doing well at school.（表示滿(mǎn)意）她在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)挺不錯(cuò)的。Are you feeling better today?（表示親切）你今天覺(jué)得好一些嗎？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不滿(mǎn)）我的一個(gè)室友老是亂扔?xùn)|西。Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us.（表示不喜歡）有些推銷(xiāo)員老是敲我家的門(mén),向我們推銷(xiāo)他們的產(chǎn)品。4）表示在近期按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用于這種情況僅限于少量的動(dòng)詞，如：go , e , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch(吃午飯), return, dine(進(jìn)餐，尤指晚餐), work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear(穿，戴)等。例如：I39。m dinning out with my friends this 。An American professor is giving a lecture this 。We are having a holiday next 。Are you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎？ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，主要表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：I’m leaving 。They’re getting married next ?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)均可表示將來(lái)，區(qū)別是：用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)，其計(jì)劃性較強(qiáng)，并往往暗示一種意圖；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，則其客觀(guān)性較強(qiáng)，即通常被視為客觀(guān)事實(shí)，多指按時(shí)刻表或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的情況：I’m not going out this 。What time does the train leave? 火車(chē)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)? ☆過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。由于它的定義是表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上正在發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，所以，句子常帶有一個(gè)表示“過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的狀語(yǔ)。這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)可能是短語(yǔ)，詞組，或是一個(gè)從句。也可能是通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表達(dá)這層意思。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于下面的情景中：1）表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for ，我正在收拾東西去露營(yíng)。When I came to see her last time, she was writing an ，她正在寫(xiě)一篇文章。What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八點(diǎn)鐘你在做什么？2）用于故事的開(kāi)頭，交代故事發(fā)生的背景情況。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)所描述的動(dòng)作是“正在進(jìn)行”，所以，在這種情景中用“過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)”可以給讀者一種“動(dòng)感”，從而能使文章更加生動(dòng)活潑。例如：One night, he was typing in his , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity ?.一天晚上，他正在書(shū)房里打字。突然，一個(gè)人闖進(jìn)屋來(lái)，切斷了電源??3)（僅限少數(shù)動(dòng)詞）表示在過(guò)去的未來(lái)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：When National Day was ing near , they began to make a plan for the ，他們開(kāi)始制訂度假計(jì)劃。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her 。My friend said to me that he was