【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 燈具外，還應(yīng)包括蓄電池組、逆變器、充電電路及控制保護(hù)電路等?？梢杂米鞲黝悜?yīng)急照明燈，更多地用于疏散標(biāo)志燈。其主要技術(shù)要求如下： 蓄電池：要求使用全封閉、免維護(hù)、尺寸小的充電型 電池，一般應(yīng)使用鎘鎳電池，條件較優(yōu)越也可鉛酸電池，但尺寸較大，壽命較短，但不應(yīng)使用汽車蓄電池，更不允許用原電池。蓄電池在正常充放電條件下，使用壽命應(yīng)不小于 45 年，或按全充放電循環(huán)考核，不少于 400 次。對于鉛酸電池，不應(yīng)少于 200 次。電池的再充電時(shí)間不應(yīng)少于 24h。 應(yīng)有逆變、控制、保護(hù)及充電等環(huán)節(jié)。一般應(yīng)有過充電保護(hù)。對于鉛酸電池，還必須設(shè)過放電保護(hù)，至于鎘鎳電池，過放電影響較小。 逆變電路應(yīng)保證一定的流明效率。即從正常電源供電轉(zhuǎn)換到蓄電池供電后，光源輸出光通量的比例。對于非持續(xù)運(yùn)行應(yīng)急燈，轉(zhuǎn)換到 蓄電池供電 5S 后的光通量要求不低于其額定光通量的 80%。這個數(shù)位各國規(guī)定不同，有的國家規(guī)定可由生產(chǎn)廠洽定，甚至可以定為 5%以致 50%，照明設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)特別注意，不能一律按光源的額定通量計(jì)算應(yīng)急照明照度，要根據(jù)生產(chǎn)廠洽定的數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算。 電池放電終了時(shí)的電壓不應(yīng)低于額定電壓的 80%。有些國家規(guī)定了更高地比例。放電終了，應(yīng)該是指該應(yīng)急燈規(guī)定的應(yīng)急持續(xù)工作時(shí)間的終了。 18 第 10 章 結(jié) 論 我認(rèn)為在民用建筑電氣設(shè)計(jì)中，應(yīng)急照明會因其特有的重要性和政策性而越來越受到人們的重視和關(guān)注，已上只是我對應(yīng)急照明做了很膚淺的解析 ．但如何使應(yīng)急照明設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)格地執(zhí)行好國家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范，還需要全社會的共同努力在今后的工程實(shí)踐中去進(jìn)一步探討研究。 應(yīng)急照明燈數(shù)不多，規(guī)模小的建筑物可采用分散供電式系統(tǒng)，其余建筑，特別是高層建筑宜采用自啟動柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組作為應(yīng)急照明的主要供電方式或后備供電方式 (起動及投入運(yùn)行時(shí)間小于 15s)，只對誘導(dǎo)指示照明，安全照明及金融商業(yè)交易場所等對轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間要求較高場所的備用照明，采用分散供電式的應(yīng)急照明燈具作為過渡照明，以滿足轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)間的要求。 國際電工委員會 IEC《應(yīng)急照明燈具》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將應(yīng)急照明分為疏散照明和備用照明，國際 照明委員會 CIE 出版物《建筑物內(nèi)的應(yīng)急照明指南》將應(yīng)急照明分為疏散照明、安全照明和備用照明。有關(guān)其應(yīng)急照明的內(nèi)容是一致的，區(qū)別在于是否將安全照明獨(dú)立對待， IEC 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將安全照明歸于備用照明，但在實(shí)際使用中，安全照明與備用照明在設(shè)置場所及處理方式上有不同，因此，將兩者區(qū)分開來較適宜。《照標(biāo)》第 2 條制定： “照明種類可分為正常照明、應(yīng)急照明、值班照明、警衛(wèi)照明和障礙照明。應(yīng)急照明可包括疏散照明、安全照明和備用照明。 ” 在各防火規(guī)范《高層民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范》 (GB5004595，以下簡稱《高規(guī)》 )和 《建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范》 (GBJ1687 修訂本，以下簡稱《低規(guī)》 )中，也提到應(yīng)急照明，此處所指應(yīng)急照明應(yīng)理解為只是應(yīng)急照明的一種形式。由于近年來，火災(zāi)的情況不斷發(fā)生，使設(shè)計(jì)工程師在觀念上，一提到應(yīng)急照明就認(rèn)為是火災(zāi)狀態(tài)下的應(yīng)急照明。實(shí)際上，《照標(biāo)》所指應(yīng)急照明的外延比火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明要大，因?yàn)檎Ｕ彰鞯碾娫窗l(fā)生故障應(yīng)包括正常供電停電、或在發(fā)生火災(zāi)、地震、防空等緊急情況下，正 19 常電源的失能。所以，工程應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，不僅要滿足防火規(guī)范要求的火災(zāi)應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)的設(shè)置，還要滿足各個規(guī)范或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對整體應(yīng)急照明系統(tǒng)的要求。 20 致 謝 在我的努力和老師朋友的幫助下，畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)終于順利的完成。從剛開始接受課題到完成論文，這期間凝結(jié)了各位老師的心血，許多時(shí)候你們不辭勞苦，陪著我們鉆研課題，講解難處，無半句怨言，在此我深深的感謝你們。特別是我的指導(dǎo)老師韓亞軍感謝你給予的熱忱指導(dǎo)提出的寶貴意見，幫助我順利的完成了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。在此衷心的祝愿老師們工作順利，身體健康！ 另外，還要感謝我們同組成員對我的關(guān)照。特別是我的室友楊齊他無償?shù)姆瞰I(xiàn)出自己的電腦給我使用。這次論文順利的完成與你們的熱忱幫助密不可分。真誠的祝愿大家前程似錦，一帆風(fēng)順！ 21 參考文獻(xiàn) [1]高層民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范．北京：中國計(jì)劃出版社 ,2020 [2]建筑屋內(nèi)的應(yīng)急照明指南．國際照明委員會 CIE 出版社 [3]民用配電設(shè)計(jì)手冊．中國航空工業(yè)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院 等編 .北京：電力出版社， 1994 [4]民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范 . 曹善琪等 .中國建筑工業(yè)出版社 . [5] 民用建筑照明設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) .中國計(jì)劃出版社 ,2020 22 中國石油大學(xué)（華東）現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）評語 指導(dǎo)教師 ： 韓 亞 軍 職稱： 講 師 工作單 位： 重慶信息工程專修學(xué)院 學(xué) 員： 陳 軍 年級專業(yè)層次 0403 級 電氣工程及自動化 高起本 評語： 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日 23 54 Of Vainglory It was prettily devised of Aesop。 the fly sat upon the axletree of the chariot wheel, and said. What a dust do I raise? So are there some vain persons, that whatsoever goeths indeed! They could tell us something worth hearing, if they only knew how to talk. It39。s really a pleasure now and then to bee a mere nothing, especially when a man is as highly placed as I am. And then to think that we all, even with patent lacquer, are nothing more than insects of a moment on that anthill the earth, though we may be insects with stars and garters, places and offices! One feels quite a novice beside these venerable millionyearold boulders. On last New Year39。s eve I was reading the book, and had lost myself in it so pletely, that I fot my usual New Year39。s diversion, namely, the wild hunt to Amack. Ah, you don39。t know what that is! The journey of the witches on broomsticks is well enough known that journey is taken on St. John39。s eve, to the Brocken。 but we have a wild journey, also which is national and modern, and that is the journey to Amack on the night of the New Year. All indifferent poets and poetesses, musicians, newspaper writers, and artistic notabilities, I mean those who are no good, ride in the New Year39。s night through the air to Amack. They sit backwards on their painting b all lapse of time, and had bee a cipher and a nothing. Then three alone, or moveth upon greater means, if they have never so little hand in it, they think it is they that carry it They that are glorious, must needs be factious。 for all bravery stands upon parisons. They must needs be violent, to make good their own vaunts. Neithe r can they be secret, and therefore not effectual。 but according to die French proverb。 beaucoup de bruit, peu de fruit: much bruit, little fruit Yet certainly there is use of this quality, in civil affairs. Where there is an opinion, and fame to be created, either of virtue, or greatness, these men are good trumpeters. Again, as Titus Livius noteth, in the case of Antiochus, and the Aetolians。 there are sometimes great effects of cross lies。 as if a man that negotiates between two princes, to draw them to join in a war against the third, doth extol the forces of either of them above m easure, the one to the other: and sometimes, he that deals between man and man, raiseth his own credit with both by pretending greater interest than he hath in either. And in these, and the like kinds, it often falls out that somewhat is produced of nothing: for lies are sufficient to breed opinion, and opinion brings on substance. In military manders and soldiers, vainglory is an essential point。 for as iron sharpens iron, so by glory one courage sharpeh another. In cases of great enterprise, upon charge and adventure, a position of glorious natures doth put life into business。 and those mat are of solid and sober natur es have more of the ballast, than of the sail. In fame of learning, the flight w ill be slow, without some feathers of ostentation. Q ui de contenmenda