【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 e might misunderstand others. D The invention of trains enabled modern industries to suddenly grow at an incredible speed, enabling us to travel with incredible ease. Finding out who created the first modern examples of trains is easy enough, but exactly pointing out their predecessors(前輩 )who formed the first basic ideas about train transport is much harder. The first example of the simple “wagonway” train system dates all the way back to the 2nd and 1st millennia(千年 )BC, when the Assyrians(亞述人 )and Persians(波斯人 )built roads with specific wheelruts cut into rock. This road design enabled them to more easily transport wagons that were pulled by horses or bulls, without any need for controlling the direction of the wagons. Because of this, many of (hose civilizations developed wagonways that connected their main cities with their nearby trading posts or sacred places The Greeks especially adopted this type of transport, even managing to build very impressive wagonway called Diolkos in ancient Corinth around 600 BC, which may today call the first railway in the fall of Greece, wngonways disappeared from Europe and they only managed to resurface in the 16th century, when increased trading during the Renaissance brought them back into the public eye. Powered by horses, wagonways enabled much faster and safer travel than on dirt roads, but industrialists and inventors were not satisfied. They wanted a more automated(自動(dòng)化的 )way of transferring goods, and several small advances in regular wagonways produced only a more modern way of travel, but nothing in the way of true revolution. And that revolution came in the late 17th century with the introduction of the first stationary steam engine by Thomas Savery. This invention from 1968 was extremely simple and lowpowered, and because of that， steam engines took over 60 years to e to the point where they could be useful for powering trains. This moment came in 1763, when James Watt took the simple designs of Thomas Savery and Thomas Newen and introduced a crankshaft(機(jī)軸 )that could transform the power of steam into circular motion(圓周運(yùn)動(dòng) ). This invention finally enabled inventors all around the world to start adapting the steam engine into a machine that could power cars, trains and boats of all types and sizes. 32. Which of the following is NOT true about the “wagonway”？ A. It is a historic invention. B. Its power came from horses or bulls. C. The Greeks invented it. D. It made travelling easy. 33. What does “them” in the third paragraph refer to? A. Europeans. B. Wagonways. C. Horses. D. Trading posts. 34. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Gars were invented in 1763. B. Thomas Newen helped the train industry a lot with the steam engine. C. It was James Watt that invented the crankshaft. D. The steam engine was a great contribution to trains. 35. What is the main topic of this passage? A. The history of the train. B. The person who invented the train. C. The usage of the steam engine. D. The power source of the train. 第二節(jié)（共 5 小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 10 分） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空向處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Most people believe that positive thing is just something that helps us achieve our goal. 36. A 30year study of 447 people found optimists(樂觀主義者 ) had around a 50percent lower risk of early death than pessimists(悲觀主義者 ). 37. So why do positive people live longer? 38. Less stress means less anger, which in turn makes their lives longer. When something doesn’t go according to plan, different people have different attitudes. 39. A person with a negative attitude will plain or get angry. As a result, a negative attitude, causing stress and anger, can speed up the process of aging. How can we turn our mind to more? positive things? 40. Do them every day for a month without plaining. These simple things don’t sound like much, but if they bee a habit, they will be some of the best habits you have ever developed, because they might add years lo your life. A. This is likely why positive people live longer. B. It is because they get less stressed in daytoday life. C. Make a list of five to ten things that you are thankful for. D. People who have negative attitudes will waste a lot of energy. E. A person with a positive attitude might look for another solution. F. Therefore, it is believed that attitude has a big effect on people’s lives. G. However, a study has shown that a positive attitude can add years to our lives. 第三部分 英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分 45 分） 第一節(jié) 完形填空 (共 20 小題；每小題 1. 5 分，滿分 30 分） 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（ A、 B、 C 和 D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 At my old school I was treated badly by all of my classmates. So I had to eat lunch alone every day. I tried to reach out to someone who looked 41 but I was rejected many times, and I felt really 42 . Sitting by myself was very 43 ， because many people knew I was the girl who had nowhere to sit. So there were many terrible feelings that 44 that experience. At my new school, however， I not only made friends, bur found that something had 45 . I felt that 1 should do something for those who had a similar lonely 46 at lunchtime every day. I didn’t warn to be bad like the peo