【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 rresponsible B. bees aware of very serious issues about his society C. presents a young man who is irresponsible D. plays a popular online game in real life B When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect. The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine ―Kitty Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964. Early in the morning, 28yearold Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed (刺 ) by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese39。s repeated cries for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help. The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police. Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion, the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments. There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate. Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is ambiguous. In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a lovers39。 quarrel, and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered. 61. The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect because a woman surnamed Genovese. A. it somehow caused the murder of B. its discovery resulted from the murder of C. it was actually discovered by D. it always makes people think of 62. Genovese was murdered . A. while she was going out B. in her apartment C. halfway home D. near he r apartment 63. Which can NOT have been a possible reason for the neighbors NOT offering Genovese help? A. They believed in the bystander effect. B. They thought someone else might help her. C. They didn39。t think they should help. D. They didn39。t think she needed help. 64. Before deciding to offer help, observers may , according to the psychologists. A. wait for sort of a signal B. hesitate and estimate the risk of getting hurt C. want to be sure it39。s appropriate to react D. wonder if the victim is worth helping 65. The article seems to suggest that, if there had been observers, Genovese might not have been murdered. A. no B. fewer C. more D. braver C Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. I was a clothes addict, he jokes. I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled. Today David wears casual clothes – khaki pants and sports shirt – to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. I39。m working harder than ever, David says, and I need to feel fortable. More and more panies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many panies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday, but only on Friday. This became known as dressdown Friday or casual Friday. What started out as an extra onedayaweek benefit for employees has really bee an everyday thing. said business consultant Maisly Jones. Why have so many panies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it39。s easier for a pany to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code. A lot of young people don39。t want to dress up for work, says the owner of a software pany, so it39。s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code. Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing fortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale (士氣 ). Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative effect on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day, one person said. For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes. 66. David Smith refers to himself as having been a clothes addict, because . A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt B. he couldn39。t stand a clean appearance C. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time D. he didn39。t want to spend much money on clothes 67. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because . A. they make him feel at ease when working B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes C. he looks handsome in