【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 echnologies for the wireless transmission network of RFID, sensors, smart chip and tele in the ”Internet of Things in 2020“ report, an analysis predicted that the future development of the Internet of Things will go through four stages, 2010, RFID is widely used in the field of logistics, retail and pharmaceutical objects interconnect 2010 to 2015, 2015 ~ In 2020, the object into the semiintelligent, intelligent objects into the vanguard of the Internet of Things, RFID has bee the most concerned about the technology data show that the global RFID market size in 2008 from $ billion in 2007 rose to $ billion, this figure covers all aspects of the RFID market, including tags, readers and other infrastructure, software and card and cardrelated infrastructure will account for percent of the market, reaching $ from financial and security industries will drive the market growth of RFID International forecasts, the Chinese RFID market size in 2009 will reach billion, a CAGR of 33%, in which the electronic tag is more than billion Yuan, the reader close to 700 million yuan, software and services market to reach 500 million Yuan is the abbreviation of the microelectromechanical systems, MEMS technology is built on the basis of micro / nano, the market prospect is main advantage of the MEMS sensor is the small size, largescale mass production cost reduction, mainly used in two major areas of automotive and consumer ICInsight the latest report is expected in 20072012, global sales of semiconductor sensors and actuators based on MEMS will reach 19 percent pound annual growth rate(CAGR), pared with $ billion in 2007 to five years will achieve $ billion in annual ．Principle Internet of Things is on the basis of the puter Internet, RFID, wireless data munications technology, to construct a cover everything in the world39。s ”Internetof Things“.In this network, the goods(products)to each other ”exchange“, without the need for human essence is the use of radio frequency identification(RFID)technology to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods(products)and information through the puter Internet of Things is a very important technology is radio frequency identification(RFID) is radio frequency identification(Radio Frequency Identification)technology abbreviation, is an automatic identification technology in the 1990s began to rise, the more advanced a noncontact identification development of RFID technology based on a simple RFID system, bined with existing network technology, database technology, middleware technology, to build a one posed by a large number of networked readers and numerous mobile label, much larger than the Internet of Things , it is able to let items ”speak“ a the ”Internet of Things“ concept, RFID tags are stored in the specification and interoperability information collected automatically by wireless data munications network to a central information system, to achieve the identification of goods(products), and then through the open puter network for information exchange and sharing, items ”transparent“ information technology revolution in the Internet of Things is referred to as IT mobile Pan of a specific of Things through IntelliSense, identification technology and pervasive puting, ubiquitous network convergence applications, breaking the conventional thinking before, human beings can achieve ubiquitous puting and network traditional thinking has been the separation of physical infrastructure and IT infrastructure: on the one hand, airports, roads, buildings, while on the other hand, the data center, PC, the era of the ”Internet of Things“, reinforced concrete, cable with the chip, broadband integration into a unified infrastructure, in this sense, the infrastructure is more like a new site of the Earth, the world really works it, which including economic management, production operation, social and even personal life.”Internet of Things“ makes it much more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to manage the future of the city to achieve the status of ”wisdom to improve resource utilization and productivity levels, and improve the relationship between man and ：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的英文名稱為Internet of Things，簡稱：IOT。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)通過傳感器、射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)、全球定位系統(tǒng)等技術(shù)，實(shí)時(shí)采集任何需要監(jiān)控、連接、互動(dòng)的物體或過程，采集其聲、光、熱、電、力學(xué)、化學(xué)、生物、位置等各種需要的信息，通過各類可能的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接入，實(shí)現(xiàn)物與物、物與人的泛在鏈接，實(shí)現(xiàn)對物品和過程的智能化感知、識(shí)別和管理。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是通過智能感知、識(shí)別技術(shù)與普適計(jì)算、泛在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的融合應(yīng)用，被稱為繼計(jì)算機(jī)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)之后世界信息產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的第三次浪潮。與其說物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是網(wǎng)絡(luò)，不如說物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是業(yè)務(wù)和應(yīng)用，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)也被視為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的應(yīng)用拓展。因此應(yīng)用創(chuàng)新是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的核心，以用戶體驗(yàn)為核心的創(chuàng)新是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的靈魂。2.“物”的涵義這里的“物”要滿足以下條件才能夠被納入“物聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的范圍： 1．要有相應(yīng)信息的接收器； 2．要有數(shù)據(jù)傳輸通路； 3．要有一定的存儲(chǔ)功能； 4．要有CPU； 5．要有操作系統(tǒng)； 6．要有專門的應(yīng)用程序； 7．要有數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送器； 8．遵循物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的通信協(xié)議；9．在世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)中有可被識(shí)別的唯一編號(hào)。3.“中國式”定義物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(Internet of Things)指的是將無處不在（Ubiquitous）的末端設(shè)備（Devices）和設(shè)施（Facilities），包括具備“內(nèi)在智能”的傳感器、移動(dòng)終端、工業(yè)系統(tǒng)、樓控系統(tǒng)、家庭智能設(shè)施、視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)等、和“外在使能”(Enabled)的，如貼上RFID的各種資產(chǎn)（Assets）、攜帶無線終端的個(gè)人與車輛等等“智能化物件或動(dòng)物”或“智能塵?！保∕ote），通過各種無線和/或有線的長距離和/或短距離通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)互聯(lián)互通（M2M)、應(yīng)用大集成（Grand Integration)、以及基于云計(jì)算的SaaS營運(yùn)等模式，在內(nèi)網(wǎng)（Intranet）、專網(wǎng)（Extranet）、和/或互聯(lián)網(wǎng)（Internet）環(huán)境下，采用適當(dāng)?shù)男畔踩Ｕ蠙C(jī)制，提供安全可控乃至個(gè)性化的實(shí)時(shí)在線監(jiān)測、定位追溯、報(bào)警聯(lián)動(dòng)、調(diào)度指揮、預(yù)案管理、遠(yuǎn)程控制、安全防范、遠(yuǎn)程維保、在線升級(jí)、統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表、決策支持、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)桌面（集中展示的Cockpit Dashboard)等管理和服務(wù)功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)對“萬物”的“高效、節(jié)能、安全、環(huán)保”的“管、控、營”一體化。2009年9月，在北京舉辦的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與企業(yè)環(huán)境中歐研討會(huì)上，歐盟委員會(huì)信息和社會(huì)媒體司RFID部門負(fù)責(zé)人Lorent Ferderix博士給出了歐盟對物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的定義：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，它具有基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和互操作通信協(xié)議的自組織能力，其中物理的和虛擬的“物”具有身份標(biāo)識(shí)、物理屬性、虛擬的特性和智能的接口，并與信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)無縫整合。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)將與媒體互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、服務(wù)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和企業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一道，構(gòu)成未來互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(Internet of Things)這個(gè)詞，國內(nèi)外普遍公認(rèn)的是MIT AutoID中心Ashton教授1999年在研究RFID時(shí)最早提出來的。在2005年國際電信聯(lián)盟（ITU）發(fā)布的同名報(bào)告中，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的定義和范圍已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化，覆蓋范圍有了較大的拓展，不再只是指基于RFID技術(shù)的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)。自2009年8月溫家寶總理提出“感知中國”以來,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)被正式列為國家五大新興戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，寫入“政府工作報(bào)告”，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在中國受到了全社會(huì)極大的關(guān)注，其受關(guān)注程度是在美國、歐盟、以及其他各國不可比擬的。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的概念與其說是一個(gè)外來概念，不如說它已經(jīng)是一個(gè)“中國制造”的概念，他的覆蓋范圍與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，已經(jīng)超越了1999年Ashton教授和2005年ITU報(bào)告所指的范圍，物聯(lián)網(wǎng)已被貼上“中國式”標(biāo)簽。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的概念是在1999年提出的。當(dāng)時(shí)基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、RFID技術(shù)、EPC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在計(jì)算機(jī)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上，利用射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)、無線數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)等，構(gòu)造了一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)全球物品信息實(shí)時(shí)共享的實(shí)物互聯(lián)網(wǎng)“Internet of things”（簡稱物聯(lián)網(wǎng)），這也是在2003年掀起第一輪華夏物聯(lián)網(wǎng)熱潮的基礎(chǔ)。傳感網(wǎng)是基于感知技術(shù)建立起來的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。中科院早在1999年就啟動(dòng)了傳感網(wǎng)的研究，并已取得了一些科研成果，建立了一些適用的傳感網(wǎng)。1999年，在美國召開的移動(dòng)計(jì)算和網(wǎng)絡(luò)國際會(huì)議提出了，“傳感網(wǎng)是下一個(gè)世紀(jì)人類面臨的又一個(gè)發(fā)展機(jī)遇