【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ave done must have gone through a lot. must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States. may/might have done may have learnt the news. may not have heard his name called. I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. can…h(huán)ave done cannot have done can she have gone? he have done such a foolish thing? boy can’t have finished reading the book so soon could have done could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed. could have done better, but you were too careless. might have done should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark. might have given her more help, thought he was busy. 表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行肯定 推測，意為“想必，準(zhǔn)是，一定做了某事”只用于 肯定句 表示對過去已發(fā)生行為的 可能 推測，意為“也許 /或許已經(jīng)（沒有） ……“ 。一般用于 肯定句或否定句 中，不用于疑問句。用 might則表示語氣更加不肯定。 表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在 否定句和疑問句 中。（ can換成 could時(shí)語氣委婉） 可用于 肯定句 中，表示“可能已經(jīng) ……” 之意，此外，還可以表示 過去能做而沒做 的事，有一種對過去為付諸實(shí)施的事情的惋惜。 表示“ 本來可能 …… ，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生的事情”。另外，還可以表示“ 本來應(yīng)該或可以做某事 ”之意，含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。 should/ought to have done should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. ought not to have refused his offer. needn’t have done needn’t have watered the plants, for it is going to rain. had better have done had better have started earlier. had better not have scolded her. would rather have done 1． I would rather have taken his advice. 2． I would rather not have told him the truth. 用于肯定句時(shí)，表示本該做某事，而實(shí)際上未做 ；用于否定句時(shí)，則表示不該做的事反而做了。 表示 做了本來不必去做的事 。 用于事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口吻，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事” ，其否定式 had better not have done表示相反的含義。 表示 “當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事” ，其否定式 would rather not have done表示相反的含義，兩者都表示“后悔”之意。 He must be reading, ____ he? You must know the answer to the question, ____ you? He must have gone over the article, ______he? It must have rained last night, _____ it? 表猜測語氣的反意疑問句的構(gòu)成 isn’t don’t hasn’t didn’t 1. The thief ________ in from the kitchen window as the door was closed. A. may climb B. must have climbed C. could have climbed D. should have climbed 2. —I posted the letter a week ago. —Then they __________ the letter by now. It usually takes four days. A. can have received B. must receive C. should receive D. ought to have receive 3. There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. — It __________ a fortable journey. A. can’t B. shouldn’t be C. must have been D. couldn’t have been 4. Peter ___ e with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure. B. can C. may D. will C 5. Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you____. A. will B. could C. may D. might C 6. Sorry, I ’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. B. should C. can D. will A me, but I want to use your puter to type a report. You ____ have my puter if you don’t take care of it. A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t A 8. When can I e for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _____be ready by 12 : 00 . A. can B. should C. might D. need B 9. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night. A. mustn’t go B. could have gone C. shouldn’t go D. shouldn’t have gone D 1. — The room is so dirty. _____ we clean it? — Of course. (2020北京春 ) A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 2. “The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 上述兩題均考查 shall的含義，當(dāng) shall 用于一、三人稱疑問句中時(shí)，表示 征求對方意見 ；用于二、三人稱陳述句中，表示 說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。 1. Jack described his father, who ____ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man. （ 2020 安徽卷） A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 答案： D 解析：句意為“杰克把他的父親描述為一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人，他的父親多年前肯定很勇敢”用 must have been表示對過去事情的肯定推測。 高考真題 2. You _____ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. （ 2020 湖南卷） A. must B. mustn39。t C. have to D. don39。t have to 答案： D 解析： don’t have to 意為“沒有必要”，符合語境，句意為：“你沒有必要買禮物，但如果你想買的話，你也可以買?！? 3. I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? （ 2020 江西卷） A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will 答案： A 解析： must 必須 , 一定 can 可以 , 能夠， may 也許， will 意愿 , 傾向性動作。前半句說我告訴你事實(shí)了 , 這里用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) , 表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響 , 既然我已經(jīng)說了 , 我還必須重復(fù)一遍嗎？ 4. I_______ have watched that movie — it’ll give me horrible dreams. （ 2020山 東卷） A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 答案： A 解析：句意應(yīng)為“我本來不應(yīng)該看那部電影的 它會使我做噩夢的。”表示“本來不應(yīng)該做而做了某事”用 shouldn’t have done, 所以 A項(xiàng)正確。 情態(tài)動詞 (Ⅰ ) 1． (2020唐山模擬 )—What do you think of the film Avatar? —It ________ be better. I even want to see it twice. A． won‘t B． couldn39。t C． shouldn39。t D． mightn39。t 答案： B 2． (2020東北三校聯(lián)合模擬 )—Mum， would you please buy me an MP5 player? —If you can help do the dishes the whole vacation， you ________ have one as a reward. A． must B． need C． would D． shall 答案： D 3． (2020鄭州一檢 )—I dreamed of some animals running on the moon. —It ________ be. There is no air or water on the moon，you know. A． can39。t B． may not C． shouldn39。t D． mustn39。t 答案： A 4． (2020南通名校聯(lián)考 )He is a badtempered man， but he ________ be quite charming when he is cheerful. A． shall B． must C． dare D． can