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且與主語之間構成邏輯上的 “ 動賓關系 ” 或在邏輯上構成 “ 系表結構 ” 。 過去分詞短語在句中擔任條件狀語 , 原因狀語以及時間狀語時 , 通常放在句首;擔任伴隨狀語或結果狀語時 , 通常放在句末;擔任方式狀語時 , 一般位于句末 , 有時也可位于句首;擔任讓步狀語時 , 一般位于句首 , 有時也可位于句末 。 Ⅰ . 過去分詞擔任狀語時的語法功能 (1)原因狀語 ① Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因為淋了一場大雨 , 所以他全身濕透了 。 ② Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn39。t dare sleep in her room. 被夜晚的響聲驚嚇 , 那姑娘不敢睡在她的房間里了 。 (2)時間狀語 ① Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 當被問及為何要做這件事時 , 班長說這是他的職責 。 ② Approached in the dark the bulbs looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗走近時 , 那些電燈顯得孤單而無意義 。 (3)條件狀語和假設狀語 ① Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里 , 這些種子能長得很快 。 ② Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意 , 那次事故就可以避免了 。 (4)方式或伴隨狀語 ① Surrounded by his students , the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在學生們的簇擁下 , 興高采烈地坐在那兒 。 ② He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他靜靜地站在那里 , 被感動得熱淚盈眶 。 (5)讓步狀語 ① Beaten by the police, sent to jail, Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance. 盡管受警察的毆打 , 被投入監(jiān)牢 , 甘地卻首創(chuàng)了非暴力抵抗的原則 。 ② Defeated again, we did not lose heart. 盡管再次被擊敗 , 但我們沒有灰心 。 (6)獨立成分 (插入語 ) ① Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening. 假如天氣好 , 我們的船將于星期一晚上到達上海 。 ② Put frankly, I don39。t agree with what he said. 坦白地說 , 我不同意他所說的話 。 Ⅱ . 與狀語從句的相互轉換 (1)過去分詞短語作時間狀語 , 可轉換為 when, while或after等引導的狀語從句 。 Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. → When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 從山上往下看 , 這座公園看起來更加漂亮 。 (2)作條件狀語 , 可轉換為 if, once或 unless等引導的狀語從句 。 Given more time, she would certainly have done much better. → If she had been given more time, she would certainly have done much better. 如果有更多時間的話 , 她一定會干得更好些 。 (3)作原因狀語 , 可轉換為 as, since或 because等引導的狀語從句 。 The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once. → As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once. 由于勞累 , 孩子們很快就睡著了 。 (4)作讓步狀語 , 可轉換為 although, though或 even if等引導的狀語從句 。 Although exhausted by the climb , we continued our journey. → Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 我們雖然爬得很累 , 但我們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)我們的旅程 。 (5)作方式狀語 , 如有連詞 as if, 就轉換為 as if引導的方式狀語從句;若無連詞 , 則轉換為并列結構 。 He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. → He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起來 , 好像被蛇咬了 。 (6)作伴隨狀語 , 一般轉換為并列結構 。 Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter. → Aunt Wu came in , and(she)was followed by her daughter. 吳大娘走進來 , (她 )后面跟著她的女兒 。 [拓展 ] (1)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語在 “ 邏輯 ” 方面的差異: 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語與過去分詞作